非洲撒哈拉以南的转基因作物状况  

The status of GM crops in sub-Saharan Africa

作　　者：Nompumelelo H.Obokoh David Keetch 刘杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]南非AfricaBio现代生物技术公司 [2]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2014年第6期58-67,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

摘　　要：在非洲撒哈拉以南地区,将近70%的人口生活在农村地区并以农业为生。然而,相比于世界上其他地区,这一地区对可持续的农业技术接受较为缓慢,再加上较低的农业生产率,使其成为了粮食净进口地区。农业生物技术不仅是提高农业产量的工具,同时也为保证粮食安全和消除贫困带来了巨大的机遇。目前,仅南非、布基纳法索和苏丹在商业化规模种植转基因作物。许多非洲国家已经或正在建立针对现代生物技术应用的监管框架,有9个国家正在对一些转基因作物进行限制性田间试验,这些转基因作物具有受农场主和消费者欢迎的优良性状。本文综述了转基因作物在非洲撒哈拉以南地区的应用情况,聚焦于转基因作物的研究、发展以及使用。同时对非洲部分地区各选取2个国家进行说明,分别是非洲南部的南非和马拉维、非洲东部的肯尼亚和乌干达以及非洲西部的加纳和布基纳法索。介绍了这6个国家管理转基因作物使用的法规并提出了向前推进的建议。In sub-Saharan Africa,nearly 70% of the population live in rural areas,and they depend on agriculture for their livelihood.However,the adoption of sustainable agricultural technology has been slower than in other parts of the world.In addition,the low agricultural productivity of sub-Saharan Africa makes the region a net importer of food.Agricultural biotechnology can be used as a tool for increasing agricultural productivity,while also offering significant opportunities for attaining food security and poverty alleviation.So far,only South Africa,Burkina Faso and Sudan are planting genetically modified(GM)crops at a commercial scale.Many African countries have developed,or are in the process of developing,regulatory frameworks for modern biotechnology application,and close to 9countries are conducting confined field tests of GM crops with farmer-preferred and consumer-oriented traits. This paper reviews the status of GM crop adoption in sub-Saharan Africa,with a focus on the research,development and use of GM crops.Two countries from each regional block of Southern Africa(South Africa and Malawi),East Africa(Kenya and Uganda),and West Africa(Ghana and Burkina Faso)-are reviewed.Regulations governing the use of GM crops and adoption issues,and recommendations on the way forward-are made for each of these six countries.

关 键 词：非洲撒哈拉以南地区 粮食安全 可持续农业 小规模农场主 转基因作物 功能性监管系统 限制性的田间试验 

分 类 号：S188[农业科学—农业基础科学]