略论美国政府解决城市社会问题的效用有限性  

Limitation of U. S. Government Efficiency in Solving Urban Social Problems

作　　者：梁茂信[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史系

出　　处：《美国研究》2002年第4期48-68,共21页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：城市作为美国文明发达的象征 ,在其辉煌的同时却始终存在着许多社会问题。它们既滥觞于社会经济发展中 ,也与美国政府中的效率低下密切相关。一方面 ,美国宪法本身存在着无法克服的矛盾 ;另一方面 ,政府权力的制衡和分散性以及利益集团的多元性等等常使联邦政策步履维艰 ,事倍功半 ,或因立法软弱无力而治标不治本。同时 ,各级行政部门作为执法者 ,不时地自作主张 ,越俎代庖 ;其“一仆侍二主”的性质及彼此间围绕资源和权力所展开的竞争等 ,都在不同程度上制约了政府政策的有效性。American cities, as a symbol of U. S. civilization, have been troubled with rampant social problems that coexist with ur-ban prosperity. These problems are not only a partial result of social development but are also related to the low efficien-cy of the U. S. government. On the one hand, the Constitu-tion of 1787 contains inherent contradictions that cannot be reconciled. On the other hand, the checks-and-balances sys-tem and the dispersal of government power, together with the diversity of interest groups, have handicapped the process as well as the effectiveness of government policies.Furthermore, administrative agencies, as the executor of law, have often made policy decisions beyond their jurisdic-tion without being able to implement them. Finally, bureau-crats compete among themselves for power and resources,keeping their efficiency at low levels.

关 键 词：社会问题 宪法 城市化 制衡机制 联邦制 利益分配 官僚机构 美国 城市 效用有限性 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]