艇用次声发声器声场特征及其对艇员的影响  

Characteristics of infrasound-generator field on the warship and its effects on crewmen

作　　者：梁振福[1] 黄锋[1] 郭丰涛[1] 唐志文[1] 周宏元[1] 胡家庆[1] 余浩[1] 李政年[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军海军医学研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2002年第6期8-12,共5页China Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：目的　了解艇用某型次声发生器的声场特征及其短时间作用对艇员的影响。方法　研究使用两艘同型舰艇 ,分别作为对照艇和实验艇 (次声发生器连续工作 6h) ;用B .K .2 2 31型精密积分声级计、B .K .1 62 7型次声滤波器、B .K .41 56型电容传声器和挪威 840型实时分析仪对实验艇次声场进行测量分析 ;比较实验艇和对照艇航前航后及两艇航后艇员生理、生化、血常规等指标的变化差异。结果　次声发生器工作时 ,艇上多数舱室和岗位的次声级为 1 0 5～ 1 1 7dB ,少数为 92～ 1 0 4dB ,次声的频谱能量主要集中在 1 2 5、1 6 0、2 0 0Hz。实验艇艇员经连续 6h次声作用后 ,普遍出现多种不适主观反应 ,收缩压和谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量增加 ,心率减缓 ,用力肺活量 (FVC)和每平方米体表面积最大通气量(MVV/BSA)减少 ,上述变化与航前比较差异均有显著或非常显著性 ,而对照艇航前航后比较无显著性。实验还发现 ,实验艇航后与对照艇航后比较 ,艇员的免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、乳酸 (LD)、淋巴细胞 (Lym)、单核细胞 (MO)、单核细胞百分比(MO % )、血红蛋白 (Hb)、平均红细胞容积 (MCV)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度 (MCHC)的变化差异均有非常显著性。结论　在本研究特定次声场下连续暴露 6h ,除使航员出现一系列不适主观反应外 ,还可引?Objective To observe the characteristics of infrasound generator field and its short term effects on crewmen. Methods Two ships of the same type were used: one was the experimental ship(with infrasound generator continuously operating for 6 hours), the other was the control ship. Measurement of the infrasound field were made by using a series of B.K.instruments(type 2231 precision sound level meter, type 1627 infrasound filter set, type 4156 condenser microphone), and type 840 real time analyzer(made in Norway). Some physiological and biochemical indices as well as routine blood analysis were examined to determine if differences existed between the crewmen of both ships before and after voyage. Results While the infrasound generator was operating, the infrasound levels in most of the cabins or work stations were shown to be 105～117 dB, only in a few areas 92～104 dB, with the main frequency spectrum energy at 12 5, 16 0 and 20 0 Hz. After continuous exposure to infrasound for 6 hours, besides subjective and self reported symptoms and complaints the physiological and biochemical examination for the crewmen of experimental ship showed an increase in systolic blood pressure and content of GSH, and a decrease in heart rate, FVC and MVV/BSA. Significant or highly significant diffferences in these changes were found before and after voyage among the crewmen of experimental ship, but no mentioned significance was found among the crewmen of control ship. Also, after voyage changes of IgM, LD, Lym, MO, MO%, Hb, MCV and MCHC appeared to be significantly different among the crewmen of both ships. Conclusion Under specific conditions of infrasound field for 6 hours, besides a series of subjective complaints, some physiological and biochemical change would occur in crewmen, but these changes might fall within the normal limits.

关 键 词：舰艇 次声场 艇员 生化指标 变化 生理指标 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]