中国用水结构发展态势与节水对策分析  

Analysis of developmental tendency of water distribution and water-saving strategies

作　　者：吴普特[1] 冯浩[1] 牛文全[1] 高建恩[1] 蒋定生[1] 汪有科[1] 范兴科[1] 戚鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,西北农林科技大学,国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2003年第1期1-6,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

摘　　要：在分析中国用水结构与发展态势的基础上 ,进一步剖析了中国用水现状与节水工作中存在的主要问题 ,据此提出了在中国必须实施综合节水的战略构思 ,并就如何实施综合节水提出了若干对策与建议。得出如下主要结论 :1近期我国年供水量将基本维持在 5 60 0亿 m3,不会有过大的增长 ;我国农业年用水量将基本控制在 40 0 0亿 m3左右 ,但必须满足 16亿人口的食物安全需要。 2农业、工业、生活用水比重在近期内将基本维持在 7∶ 2∶ 1的水平 ,其发展态势为农业用水的比重逐渐降低 ,而工业、生活用水比重逐渐增加 ,2 0 3 0年农业用水比重有可能降低到 60 %。 3农业、工业、生活节水并重 ,实施综合节水战略 ;农业节水属战略性节水 ,国家应给予一定扶持 ,不必过分追求经济效益 ,但需建立符合国情的节水农业技术体系和配套的政策体系 ;工业节水、生活节水属效益节水 ,应以降低万元产值用水量 ,提高水的重复利用率为目标 ,依靠现代科学技术 ,水价政策调控与法律法规手段强制实施 ,并努力赶超国际先进水平。 4科技节水、产业节水、政策节水实质性溶合 ,以科技节水为引导和支撑 ,以产业节水为主要内容 ,以政策节水作为保障条件 ,建立节水型社会。Based on an analysis of the developmental trends of water distribution in China, the authors studied the main problems of water use and water saving practices, and put forward a strategic method for integrated water saving. The main conclusion includes four aspects. Firstly, the water supply of China will not increase considerably in the near future and it will be maintained around 560 billion m 3. The water use in agriculture will be controlled around 400 billion m 3, but it must meet the food security requirements for the 1.6 billion population in 2030. Secondly, the ratio of water use in agricultural, industrial and domestic sectors will be kept at 7∶2∶1, and the proportion of agricultural water use will decrease to 60% in 2030, while industrial and domestic water use proportions increased. Thirdly, agricultural industrial and domestic water saving have equal importance and an integrated water saving strategy should be carried out. Agricultural water saving should be supported by the government because it is a strategic problem. It is not necessary to produce much economic benefit, but a water saving technology system and a corresponding policy adapted to the Chinese situation should be studied. The key point of industrial and domestic water saving, which belong to a beneficial water saving category, is to promote water use efficiency and the recycling of waste water. Modern science and technology, water price policy and the law should be applied to industrial and domestic water saving. Finally with the support of scientific water saving measures, the insurance of water saving policy and the implementation of water saving production, combined with scientific water saving measures, water saving policy and water saving production, a water saving society can be established.

关 键 词：发展态势 中国 用水结构 农业用水 工业用水 生活用水 综合节水 节水型社会 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]