阿拉善荒漠草地恢复演替过程中物种多样性与生产力的变化  

Changes of the species diversity and productivity of A-la-shan steppe area in restoration succession

作　　者：周志宇[1] 付华[1] 陈亚明[2] 吴彩霞[1] 李雪瑞[1] 朱兴运[1] 甘红军 爱东 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020 [2]兰州大学干旱农业生态国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]内蒙古阿拉善盟草原站,巴彦浩特750306

出　　处：《草业学报》2003年第1期34-40,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(39730100);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000048705);国家基金西部重大项目(90102011)资助。

摘　　要：以阿拉善极度退化的草原化荒漠区为研究对象,对放牧与围封条件下退化群落的物种多样性、生产力和群落演替及其生态机制进行了初步研究,结果表明:1)荒漠植物群落物种多样性指数在时间尺度上的变化表现为随着自由放牧时间的延长逐渐降低,随着围封时间的延续逐渐增加,而生态优势度变化趋势则相反。2)围封导致荒漠群落物种多样性指数增加的主导因子是物种丰富度的增加;围封使荒漠群落恢复的生态机制在于消除牧压后不同种群繁殖对策的实现,拓殖能力的增强和剩余资源的充分利用。3)围封第3年草原化荒漠群落优势种发生变化,短花针茅大量生长,群落发生恢复演替的结果使群落生产力得到大幅度提高。An overgrazinginduced steppe desert community dominated by Zygophyllum xanthoxylum and Stipa glareosa in Alashan area has been researched on the following items:species diversity, palatable forage productivity and the succession under either continual grazing or enclosure. The results are as follows: 1)The species diversity index of the steppe desert community decreased with the extended time of free grazing, and increased with enclosure; but the change of the ecological dominance was opposite. 2)The increase in abundance in species is the main factor that caused the increase in the species diversity index of the steppe desert community by means of enclocure. The mechanism of ecological restoration of the steppe desert community by enclosing is the increase of reproductivity ability of several communities of the steppe desert community. Also the full utility of surplus resources. 3) The dominant species S.breviflora grew rapidly by the third year of enclosure, which caused the increase of reproductivity of the steppe desert community.

关 键 词：阿拉善荒漠草地 放牧 围封 恢复演替 植物多样性 生产力 退化群落 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]