“九五”期间我国作物种质资源研究取得重大进展  

Great advances in the field of crop germplasm resources in China during 1996—2000

作　　者：方嘉禾[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源科学》2002年第3期37-40,共4页

摘　　要：“九五”期间,国家将“主要农作物种质资源评价与利用研究”列入国家重点科技攻关计划,取得了重大进展。通过该计划的完成,进一步丰富了中国作物种质资源多样性,使中国拥有作物种质资源达37万份。跃居世界第二;通过鉴定评价,筛选出的241份优异种质已在当前的作物育种和生产上发挥重要作用,并获得“九五”国家科技攻关重大成果;通过考察,抢救了三峡、赣南、粤北等山区一批珍、稀、优种质和近缘野生植物;五大作物种质资源指纹图谱绘制,重要性状基因的标记,以及库存种质保存理论和方法研究取得重要进展。提出了中国栽培稻和小麦核心种质建立的原则和方法。作物种质特性分布信息系统的建立和种质特性分布图的绘制,为种质特性的形成和分布规律研究提供了重要依据。During 1996-2000 (the Ninth Five-Year Plan's period),the program entitled“Evaluation and research on germplasm resources of major crops”listed in the National Key Scien-tech Breakthrough Project by Chinese government made great achievements.The completion of the program has enriched further the genetic diversity of crop germplasm resources all over the country and up to now the total number of crop germplasm preserved has reached about 370,000 accessions,which made China the second largest germplasm-preserving country in the world.Through large-scale characterization and evaluation of various germplasm,totally 241 accessions of elite germplasm screened out have contributed greatly to present crop breeding and agricultural production,which has gained the award entitled“the Great Achievement of the Ninth Five-Year Project”. Meanwhile,a number of precious,rare and elite germplasm and wild relatives of crops were rescued through exploration and collection.Great progress has also made in the following fields:fingerprinting of crop germplasm of five major crops (rice,wheat, maize,soybean and cotton),gene mapping and tagging for important traits,theory and methodology of ex situ preservation.Principles and methods for establishing core collections in cultivated rice and wheat were proposed.The development of information system on trait distribution of crop germplasm and the mapping of trait distribution provided the basis for understanding the mechanisms of the formation and distribution of germplasm traits.

关 键 词：研究进展 “九五”期间 种质资源研究 中国 评价 利用 农作物 种质特性分布信息系统 种质特性分布图 

分 类 号：S32[农业科学—作物遗传育种]