20世纪末中国土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征  

The Distribution of Soil Erosion in China at the End of the 20th Century

作　　者：许峰[1] 郭索彦[2] 张增祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京100101 [2]水利部水土保持监测中心,北京100053

出　　处：《地理学报》2003年第1期139-146,共8页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：全国第二次土壤侵蚀遥感调查项目(水保[1998]571号)~~

摘　　要：通过对中国2000年第二次土壤侵蚀遥感调查成果的分析,讨论了20世纪末中国土壤侵蚀空间分布特点。结果表明,水土流失仍然是我国持续影响面最大的环境问题。西部是我国土壤侵蚀的主要分布地区,轻度侵蚀对整个土壤侵蚀格局影响最大。水蚀的分布明显体现出地形的影响,轻度水蚀基本上分布在山地丘陵区(含黄土地形区),严重水蚀近半分布在黄土地形区。轻度水蚀主要分布在耕地、林地、草地。严重水蚀、轻度风蚀面积均约半数分布在草地,各类草地的保护与整治均应是水、风蚀区水土保持的重要内容。土壤资源中,黄绵土是受到土壤侵蚀威胁最严重的类型。但对我国土壤侵蚀的进一步分析还需要更多对方法和相关数据分析的研究工作。This paper discussed the Spatial Distribution of Soil Ero si on in China at the end of the 20th century basing on the second nat ional soil erosion survey. The result indicated that soil erosion is still the first environmental problem in China. Soil erosion mainly oc curs in the western region of China, and the slight erosion type exe rts great impact on spatial erosion pattern. The distribution of hydraulic erosion shows the impact of landforms, namely, slight hydraulic erosion mainly occurs in mountainous and hilly areas, and half of the serious erosion occurs on the loess landforms. Farmland, forest land and grassland are the major landuse types of the slight hydraulic erosion, while the serious hydraulic erosion and slight wind erosion are mainly distributed on grassland. Thus, the protection and rehabilitation of the grassland is a key to either hydraulic and wind erosion control. The loessal soil (a major t ype of cultivated soil developed from loess mother material) is facing the most serious threat of soil erosion in China's soil resources. Further discu ssion on soil erosion distribution needs more research on the method and r elevant data analysis.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 空间分布 遥感调查 中国 水土保持 水土流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]