中国三北地区荒漠化区域分类与发展趋势综合研究  

Regional classification and developing trend of desertification in Northern China

作　　者：李智佩[1] 岳乐平[2] 聂浩刚[1] 王岷[1] 孙虎[3] 王飞跃[4] 

机构地区：[1]西安地质矿产研究所,陕西西安710054 [2]西北大学,陕西西安710069 [3]陕西师范大学,陕西西安710062 [4]中煤航测遥感局遥感应用研究院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西北地质》2002年第4期135-153,共19页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：中国地质调查局国土资源调查 :"中国三北地区荒漠化区域分类与发展趋势综合研究"

摘　　要：中国北方土地荒漠化主要受青藏高原隆升以来形成的构造 -沉积特征、水文地质条件、全球气候变化、尤其是亚洲季风等地质背景控制。本文仅对北方沙质荒漠化、水蚀荒漠化两种主要的荒漠化类型的区域地质分布、成因及其发展趋势进行探讨。三北地区沙质荒漠化依成因可分为 :就地起沙型、风沙侵入型和土地粗粒化型等。就地起沙型沙质荒漠化主要分布在西部内陆盆地周缘冲洪积扇上 ,中东部高原、冲积平原上的沙漠边缘地带、沙地内部和流经这些沙漠和沙地的古河道 ,以及河湖相砂质沉积物和以砂质沉积物为母质的土壤分布区 ;风沙侵入型沙质荒漠化主要分布在上述沙漠、沙地边缘的下风地带 ,如巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠的东南缘、毛乌素沙地以南的覆沙黄土区、科尔沁沙地以东的辽河平原等 ;土地粗化主要分布在西部盆地沙漠与戈壁的过渡地带、中东部高原砾质沙草原。沙质荒漠化在毛乌素、科尔沁和浑善达克等沙地、河西走廊的局部地区有所逆转 ,但三北地区总体上仍呈恶化趋势 ,尤其是以地表土壤粗化为主的沙质荒漠化的发展更应引起人们的关注。水蚀荒漠化依地质背景之不同可分为土漠化和岩漠化两类 ,前者主要分布在北方中部黄土高原地区、内蒙古科尔沁沙地南侧的黄土分布区等 ;后者主要分布于太行山北部、辽宁西北部?From the geologic point of view, land desertification in Northern China is mainly controlled by geologic backgrounds such as tectonic sedimentary characteristics, hydro geologic conditions, global climatic changes, especially the monsoon current in East Asia,which were formed since the ascent of the Qinghai Tibet plateau. The regional classification and distribution, formation process and developing trends of sandy and water eroding desertification are discussed mainly in this paper. Sandy desertification in Northern China could be divided into three types, the localized type, the windblown type and the coarse grained type.Localized sandy desertification is mainly distributed in northwest inland basins and alluvial fans around them, in marginal areas around deserts, in paleo river channels which flew through deserts, in areas in which fluviatile and lacustrine sandy sedimentaries are widely spread, and in the areas in which soils are developed on sandy sedimentary materials as well. The windblown type is distributed mainly in the leeward areas at the edge of deserts, such as the south rim districts of Badanjilin desert and Tenggerli deserts, sand covered loess areas at the south of Mu Us Shadi desert, Horqin Shadi and the Liaohe plain. Coarse grain type desertification is distributed mainly in the transitional areas of deserts and gobi, in sandy grassland in middle and east plateaus. Although sandy desertification has been reversed to some extent in some areas of Mu Us Shadi, Hunshandake Shadi deserts, Hexi Corridor in Gansu province, but it becomes worse in Northern China on the whole. More attention should be paid to the development of coarse grained sandy desertification. Water erosion desertification could be divided into loess desertification and rocky desertification according to their geologic backgrounds. The former is distributed mainly in loess plateau and in loess areas to the south of Horqin Shadi deserts. The latter is distributed mainly in mountain areas of north part of Taihang mountains

关 键 词：中国 三北地区 沙质荒漠化 水蚀荒漠化 发展趋势 分类 水文地质条件 人类活动 气候变化 

分 类 号：P941.73[天文地球—自然地理学]