湖南省桂阳县四起毒蘑菇中毒事件的调查分析  

An Investigation and Analysis of Four Mushroom Poisoning Cases Occurred in Guiyang, Hunan Province

作　　者：张权义 陈作红[2] 张传禄 张平[2] 张志光[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省桂阳县卫生防疫站,中国湖南桂阳424400 [2]湖南师范大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2003年第1期12-13,共2页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (30 0 70 0 0 5)

摘　　要：目的　调查分析湖南省桂阳县 1996～ 2 0 0 2年发生的四起毒蘑菇中毒事件 ,了解导致中毒死亡的毒蘑菇种类 ,以防事故的再次发生。　方法　采用宏观形态和显微观察鉴定蘑菇。　结果　在这四起毒蘑菇中毒事件中 ,中毒人数93人 ,死亡 16人 ,死亡者主要集中在 15岁以下和 5 0岁以上年龄组 ,占 13人 ,说明年龄小和年龄大的中毒者对蘑菇毒素的抵抗力明显低于身强体壮的中青年人 ;导致中毒死亡主要由两类蘑菇所引起 ,一类是鹅膏菌 ,主要由灰花纹鹅膏菌所引起 ,病程长 ,具有潜伏期 ;一类是红菇属 ,主要由亚稀褶黑菇所引起 ,发病快 ,病程短。　结论　灰花纹鹅膏菌和亚稀褶黑菇为剧毒蘑菇 ,由于它们与一些可食的种类极为相似 ,毫无识别毒菌经验者不要采食是预防毒菌中毒发生的最根本的方法 ,万一发生误食中毒要尽快进行催吐、洗胃。Objective To investigate the four mushroom poisoning cases occurred in Guiyang, Hunan Province in the period of 1996-2002, and to know about the kinds of lethal mushrooms. Result 93 persons were poisoned due to eating poisonous mushrooms, 16 of whom died. The age of death was mainly under fifteen and over fifty. The Investigation showed that poisonous mushrooms led to death were mainly Amanita fuliginea and Russula subnigricans. Conclusion Amanita fuliginea and Russula subnigricans are lethal mushrooms. No collecting and eating are the best prevention measures, and early treatment such as emesis,gastric lavage and purgation was important if mushroom poisoning occurres.

关 键 词：蘑菇中毒 灰花纹鹅膏菌 亚烯褶黑菇 蘑菇毒素 湖南 桂阳县 

分 类 号：R996.2[医药卫生—毒理学] R155.32[医药卫生—药学]