略论宋代类书大盛的原因  

An Analysis of Leishu Boom in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：何忠礼[1] 郑瑾[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史系,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2003年第1期31-38,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：类似于百科全书式的古类书,对史学研究和古籍整理具有十分重要的功用。它起源于曹魏时期,入唐以后,类书编修逐渐增多,至宋代遂大盛,甚至明清两代也难望其项背。宋代类书所以很多,有三个重要原因:一是宋代帝王重视文治,个人也比较好学,所以大力鼓励类书的编修;二是科举制度到宋代通过一系列的改革,应试人数大大增多,考试内容发生变化,对类书的需要量随之增大;三是宋代的雕版印刷技术已经完善,装订形式也有进步,为类书的刊行奠定了良好的技术基础。Leishu, a class of works combining to some extent the features of encyclopedias and concordances, plays a vital role in the research of historical science and collation of ancient books. It originated from the Caowei period(220) or the period of the Three Kingdoms. Its compilation began to become gradually popular in the Tang Dynasty and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty, which even the Ming and Qing dynasties couldn't match at all. The Leishu boom in the Song Dynasty is due to three reasons. The first reason is closely related to the policy of the Song rulers, who attached great importance to wenzhi (civil administration). They were fond of learning vigorously, advocated culture and education, and encouraged the compilation of leishu. Military officer as he was, Song Taizu(the first emperor of the Song Dynasty) propagated culture in a large way. He was good at gaining historical experience and learning lessons from the past dynasties through reading historical books. Carrying forward the good traditions, Song Taizong (the second emperor of the Song Dynasty) repeatedly issued edicts to command the historiographers to search historical books and organized scholarofficers to compile books. Following Taizu and Taizong, the successors and the other imperial family members all loved to read books. But a large quantity of books available made it impossible and unnecessary for the Song emperors to read them all in their spare time, hence the necessity of compiling encyclopedic leishu.The second reason is that the imperial civil examination system was perfected in the Song Dynasty, under which a series of reform was done and fair competition was advocated regardless of the family status. Thus, an increased number of ordinary scholars took part in the imperial examinations, which stimulated the demand and compilation of books for that sake. Leishu, which consists of all kinds of ancient books, became the essential class of books for these scholars. The content of examination underwent a fundamental change at t

关 键 词：宋代 类书 文治 科举制度 雕版印刷 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] G256.1[历史地理—中国史]