水溶性两性高分子的合成和溶液性质  

Synthesis and Solution Properties of Water-soluble Polyampholyte

作　　者：杜杨[1] 徐琰[1] 吉法祥[1] 魏焕曹 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]灵捷制造化工有限公司,广东清远511517

出　　处：《精细化工》2003年第2期78-81,共4页Fine Chemicals

摘　　要：等物质的量的二甲胺和氯丙烯在碱性条件下反应生成烯丙基二甲胺 ,转化率为 6 8 7%;烯丙基二甲胺与氯乙酸钠〔n(烯丙基二甲胺 )∶n(氯乙酸钠 ) =1∶0 8〕在 6 0～ 70℃进行季铵化反应 ,合成了两性离子单体N 羧甲基 N ,N 二甲基 N 烯丙基氢氧化铵内盐 (CDAH) ,转化率 96 5 %(以氯乙酸钠计 )。以水为溶剂 ,亚硫酸氢钠和过硫酸钾为引发剂 ,合成了N 羧甲基 N ,N 二甲基 N 烯丙基氢氧化铵内盐—丙烯酰胺 (AA)两性共聚物 ;聚合条件为 :聚合温度 6 0～ 80℃ ,单体量比n(CDAH)∶n(AA) =3∶7,单体的质量分数w (CDAH +AA) =30 %,引发剂NaHSO3 和K2 S2 O8的质量均为单体总质量的 0 2 %。研究了两性高分子在不同介质中的黏度特性。结果表明 ,两性共聚物的等电区 (pH值 )为 5 5～ 7 5 ;非等电区时共聚物在纯水中具有典型的聚电解质黏度特性 ,随外加盐阴离子半径的增大 ,或随盐溶液浓度的增大 ,比浓黏度和特性黏度减小 ,Huggins常数增大 ;等电区时共聚物在纯水中的黏性行为符合Mark Huggins方程 ,外加盐的影响与非等电区时相反。Allyldimethylamine was produced in 68.7% yield by treating aqueous solution of dimethylamine with equivalent allyl chloride.Quaternisation of allyldimethylamine with sodium chloroacetate(mole ratio=1∶0.8) at 60-70 ℃ gave the amphoteric monomer N-carboxymethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-allylammonium hydroxide inner salt(CDAH) in 96.5% yield(based on sodium chloroacetate ).Finally CDAH/acrylamide(AA) amphoteric copolymer was prepared in aqueous solution with sodium hydrogen sulfate(NaHSO 3) and potassium persulfate(K 2S 2O 8 )as initiators.The process parameters were given as reaction temperature 60-80 ℃,mass percent of monomers w(CDAH+AA)=30%,mole ratio n(CDAH)∶n(AA)=3∶7,and amounts of NaHSO 3 and K 2S 2O 8 being both 0.2% by weight based on total monomers.The isoelectric zone (IEZ) was determined and solution properties studied.The results showed that the polyampholyte at non-IEZ in water had typical viscosity characteristics of polyelectrolyte.As the radius of the salt anionic ion increased,or as the salt concentration increased,the reduced viscosity and intrinsic viscosity decreased.The viscosity behavior of the polyampholyte at IEZ in water coincided with Mark-Huggins equation.

关 键 词：水溶性 两性高分子 合成 溶液性质 丙烯酰胺共聚物 表面活性剂 

分 类 号：TQ423.3[化学工程]