贡嘎山亚高山森林带蒸散特征模拟研究  

Evapotranspiration simulation of subalpine forest area in Gongga Mountain.

作　　者：程根伟[1] 余新晓[2] 赵玉涛[2] 周杨明[1] 罗辑[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所 [2]北京林业大学教育部水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2003年第1期23-27,共5页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 993 0 13 0 );(5 0 0 9962 0 );教育部博士点基金资助项目 (2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 9)

摘　　要：蒸散是森林水文循环中最重要的水分输出机制 ,是决定森林水文效应的关键因素 .然而寻求较高精度的蒸散模拟手段 ,尤其是在地形复杂的山区 ,一直是困扰森林水文学家的难点之一 .该文通过对贡嘎山林区的蒸发实验观测 ,利用修正的Penman Monteith公式对地面和冷杉林蒸散进行模拟 ,并与水面实际观测资料进行对比 .结果显示 :控制该区蒸散的主导因子是太阳有效辐射、大气温度和植被类型 ;对三种地表类型 (裸地、灌草、森林 )蒸散模拟的年内变化过程与水面蒸发的实际观测值趋势一致 .利用修正的Penman Monteith公式对贡嘎山森林带蒸散的模拟结果显示 :非生长季节期间 ,森林蒸散低于非森林地面蒸散 ;而在生长季节 ,森林带蒸散要高于非林地的蒸散 ,其变化差异在 - 2 5 %～ 2 5 %之间 ,这些结果完全符合森林的蒸散特征 .因此 ,在对亚高山森林地区的水文过程以及水量平衡进行计算时 ,修正的Penman monteith公式是有效的分析评价工具之一 .Evapotranspiration is the most important output in the land hydrological cycle. However, evapotranspiration estimation is still an intractable problem especially in mountainous areas. To explore the water cycle in mountain region, different evaporation experiments for ground and water surface were carried out in eastern slope of the Gongga Mountain, southwestern China. The Penman Monteith formula was applied to simulate the dynamic of evapotranspiration for naked land, Abies fabri forest and shrub grass areas. The simulating results show that the net radiation, air temperature and vegetation types are the predominant factors to control the dynamic of evapotranspiration. The evapotranspiration process modeled for naked land is similar to observed evaporation of water surface. The simulated values of evapotranspiration of forest and shrub grass areas are higher in growth period, or lower in non growth period than that of naked land surface. The difference of them for these two kinds of land surface varies from -25% to 25%. The modeled results show that the modified Penman Monteith formula can be used satisfactorily in the hydrological cycle analysis for mountain region with forest coverage.

关 键 词：蒸散特征 模拟研究 贡嘎山 修正penman-Monteith公式 森林水文学 亚高山森林地区 

分 类 号：S715.4[农业科学—林学]