关岭生物群——世界上罕见的化石库  

The Guanling Biota-A unique"Fossillagersttte"in the world

作　　者：汪啸风[1] 陈孝红[1] 陈立德[1] 徐光洪[1] 王传尚[1] 程龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]宜昌地质矿产研究所,湖北宜昌443003

出　　处：《中国地质》2003年第1期20-35,共16页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查局"关岭生物群"研究项目(200113900072)成果之一。

摘　　要：以产保存完美海生爬行动物和海百合化石为特色,多门类脊椎动物、无脊椎动物共同繁盛,且夹带有少许古植物化石的关岭生物群是世界上极为罕见的珍稀古生物组合。其化石保存之完美,类型之多样,数量之丰富,堪称世界上少有的晚三叠世“化石库”。在该“化石库”中,海生爬行动物主要有鱼龙类(ichthyosaurs):QianichthyosauruszhouiLi(1999),CymbospondylusasiaticusLietYou(2002),PanjiangsaurusepicharisChenetChenggen.etsp.nov.;海龙类(thalat鄄tosaurs):Anshunsaurushuangguoshuensis(Liu,1999),Xinpusaurussuni(Yinetal.,2000),X.bamaolinensisChengetLiusp.nov.齿龙类(placodonts):SinocymodusxinpuensisLi(2000)以及某些尚待研究的类型。在所储藏的海百合化石中,以重新厘定的许氏创口海百合Traumatocrinushsui(Mu)[?=T.caudes(Dittmar,1866);?=T.guanlingensisYuetal.]为主,新的发现说明,此类海百合营假浮游生活方式,它们通过其网状或铰接状根簇附着在漂浮树干上而广泛分布。共存的化石还有:新近发现和重新厘定的Metapolygnathusnodosus带的牙形石,少量鱼类(Asialepidotussp.nov.),大量软骨鱼类(elas鄄mobranchichthyoliths)鳞片和牙齿化石的新类型,Trachycerasmultituberculatus带的菊石,Halobia-“The Guanling biota is characterized by the occurrence of numerous well-preserved Late Triassic(Carnian)marine reptiles and crinoids with ammonoids,bivalves,conodonts,brachiopods,elasmobranch ichthyoliths and a few fossil fishes and plants.Such a rich,diversified and perfectly preserved paleontological assemblage is rarely encountered in the world and can be called,therefore,a unique Late Triassic'Fossillagerst 覿 tte'in the world.Preliminary study indicates that the principal marine reptiles are ichthyosaurs:Qianichthyosaurus z houi Li(1999),Cymbospondylus asiaticus Li et You(2002),Panjiangsaurus epicharis Chen et Cheng gen.et sp.nov.,thalattosaurs:Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis(Liu,1999),Xinpusaurus suni(Yin et al.,2000),X.bamaolinensis sp.nov.Cheng et Liu,placodonts:Sinocymodus xinpuensis Li(2000)and some new unidentified taxa.The crinoids are dominated by Traumatocrinus hsui(Mu)(?=T.caudes(Dittmar,1866),?=T.guanlingensis Yu et al.2000)revised in the present paper.New discovery of Traumatocrinus attaching drifting wood fossils by anastomosing or articulated rootlets indicates that the taxa of crinoids are widespread in the world,depending on its pseudo-planktonic living style.Associated fossils comprise conodonts of the Metapolygnathus nodosus Zone redefined by Chen(in press),ammonoids of the Trachyceras multituberculatum Zone,bivalves of the Halobia-'Daonella'bifurcatus Assemblage Zone,brachiopods,Koninckina guiz houensis,K.z hengfengensis,and newly discovered fossil fishes,Asialepidotus sp.nov.,shark scales and teeth,plants,Equisetites arenaceus,Ctenoz amites sarrani etc.Comprehensive analysis of the above-mentioned various kinds of fossil suggests that the age of the Guanling biota should be Late Triassic early-middle Carnian.Detailed investigation and systematic exploration indicate that the Guanling biota is distributed mainly in the interval of5-11m above the base of the Lower Member of the Xiaowa Formation(former'Wayao Formation')around Huangtutang,Xiaowa,Maowa,Bamaoling of Xinpu Township and Baiya

关 键 词：关岭生物群 晚三叠世 海生爬行动物 海百合 牙形石 化石 

分 类 号：Q911.2[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]