异源四倍体鲫鲤群体的形成及四倍体化在脊椎动物进化中的作用  

The Formation of Tetraploid Hybrids of Common Carp with Red Crucian Carp and the Evolutionary Significance of Tetraploidization in Vertebrate

作　　者：刘少军[1] 曹运长[1] 何晓晓[1] 李建中[1] 刘筠[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2001年第12期33-41,共9页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：国家"八六三"计划项目 ( 1998182 );湖南省重点科研项目 ( 9910 6 5 )

摘　　要：对雌雄两性能育并形成群体的异源四倍体鲫鲤的染色体数目和组型 ,DNA含量 ,红细胞大小 ,生殖腺和配子 ,胚胎发育 ,形成机理 ,外形等方面进行了较全面描述。四倍体鲫鲤经过九代 (F3-F11)的四倍体性的繁殖 ,已形成了一个数目庞大的遗传性状稳定的群体。该四倍体群体在染色体数目、生殖、外形特征等方面都与它们的原始父母本 -二倍体湘江野鲤和红鲫有本质的差别。在遗传特性、稳定传代、生育隔离等方面 ,异源四倍体鲫鲤群体为形成一个新的四倍体新种奠定了基础。新的四倍体鱼群体的形成对脊椎动物的进化理论和它们在生产上的应用都具有重要的意义。In this paper, the number and karyotype of chromosomes, DNA content, the mean nuclear erythrocyte volume, gonads and gametes, embryo development, the mechanism of the tetraploid formation, and the appearance in tetraploid hybrid stocks of the red crucian carp (♀) ×common carp (♂)were described. The tetraploid hybrids with stable genetic characteristics were inherited from F 3 to F 11 and a large population of tetraploid fish had been formed. The tetraploid hybrids were essentially different from their parents red crucian carp and common carp in chromosome number, reproduction and appearance. Based on the genetic characteristics, the bisexual fertility and reproductive isolation, the tetraploid stocks had possessed the good base to form a new tetraploid species in the future. The formation of the new tetraploid stocks had great significance both in the evolutionary theory of vertebrate and in the production application. [

关 键 词：异源四倍体 三倍体 二倍体配子 四位体鱼 鲫鱼 鲤鱼 遗传学特性 脊椎动物 进化 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学] Q959.3