中美两国犯罪统计差异之比较研究——以近20年官方犯罪统计数据为分析对象  

A Comparative Study of Statistical Differences between China and the United States——Analysis of Nearly 20 Years of Official Crime Statistics

作　　者：许博洋 杨学锋[1] XU Bo-Yang;YANG Xue-Feng(Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang 110854,China)

机构地区：[1]中国刑事警察学院,沈阳110854

出　　处：《北京警察学院学报》2019年第1期90-98,共9页Journal of Beijing Police College

摘　　要：纵观世界犯罪学各领域分支的发展历史,犯罪统计的范式与数据都在其前进变化过程中扮演了重要角色,科学系统化的犯罪数据统计向学者们提供了检验犯罪学理论的实证数据与客观事实依据。通过对中美两国官方犯罪统计标准的辨析,掌握中国公检法机关的犯罪统计结构与美国官方UCR等项目的犯罪统计分类方法;通过将两国过去20年官方犯罪统计数据的汇总与分类,分别对杀人、强奸、抢劫、盗窃案件的犯罪数量、发案率以及变化趋势等方面进行比较研究,分析两国处在的同类犯罪之不同现状,从而把握中美犯罪统计标准与数据的变迁脉络。Throughout the developmental history of various branches of the criminology, the paradigm and data of crime statistics play the pivotal roles in the process of its progressive change. Scientific and systematic crime statistics provide researchers with empirical data and objective facts for theoretical explanation. Based on the analysis of the official crime statistics standards of China and the United States, this paper studies the criminal statistics structure of Chinese judicial authority and the criminal statistics classificatory methods of the United States’ UCR and other programs. By the classification of different official crime statistics over past 20 years,respectively compare the crime numbers, ratings and the trend of murder, rape, robbery and theft in two countries and analyze the two countries’ different situations in the same type of crime, thus grasping the changing contexts of crime statistics standard and the data of China and the United States.

关 键 词：犯罪统计 统计标准 中美犯罪数据 差异比较 

分 类 号：D917.9[政治法律—法学]