天山乌鲁木齐河源径流水文化学空间差异及其控制因素  

Spatial Differences of Hydro-Chemical and Its Control Factors of the Headwater Runoff in the rümuqi River, Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：李翠林[1] 侯书贵[2] 秦大河[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰芯与寒区环境重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2003年第1期72-76,共5页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KZCX1- 10- 0 2 ;CZCX2- 30 1);国家自然科学基金项目 ( 4 990 10 0 4;498710 2 2 )资助

摘　　要：天山乌鲁木齐河源暖季径流水文化学特征受大气降水、冰川作用、积雪消融、冻土活动层状况以及水岩相互作用等因素综合影响 ,普遍存在的水岩相互作用和冰碛物岩矿离子组分的化学剥蚀作用导致径流中各项离子浓度远远高于大气降水中相应值的规律 ,其中黄铁矿氧化反应、钾长石水解和方解石水解反应为控制流域径流偏碱性的主要化学作用 .冰川磨蚀对于岩矿溶解的增强作用和相对更强的积雪消融导致天山乌鲁木齐河源 1号冰川径流的Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 、SO2 -4 和K+ 离子浓度和离子脉冲峰值远高于空冰斗和总控水文点 .空冰斗融水径流受大气降水、季节性冻土活动层融水混入以及融雪水与土壤相互作用影响更大 ,表现出更显著的Cl-、Na+ 和NO-3 离子峰值现象 .总控水文点则大体上反映上述二水文点的混合作用 ,变化相对平缓 ,离子浓度峰值介于二者之间 .The hydro-chemical characteristics of stream flow within the headwater drainage of the rümqi River, Tianshan Mountains, is affected by various factors, such as precipitation, glaciation, snow melting, permafrost active layer, moraine components and talus-soil-water interaction in warm season. The wide meltwater-soil interaction and chemical denudation of mineral solutes dramatically contribute to the stream water, resulting in higher solute concentration in stream water than that in precipitation. Pyrite oxidation, calcite dissolution and K-feldspar hydrolyze are the main reactions, causing high Ca 2+, K +, SO+ 2- 4 concentrations and weak alkaline pH value in stream water. Ca 2+, Mg 2+, SO+ 2- 4 and K + concentrations with their ionic pulse peaks in the Glacier No. 1 are much higher than those in the Dry Cirque and the Total Control Gauge Section due to more effective snow melting and glacier grinding on the underlain rocks that boosts mineral dissolution. Stream flow in the Dry Cirque is more influenced by precipitation, except for soil-restored meltwater mixing and soil-water interaction. The Total Control Gauge Section generally shows a mixed effect of the Glacier No.1 and the Dry Cirque.

关 键 词：水文化学特征 乌鲁木齐河源 大气降水 冰川作用 冻土活动层 积雪消融 径流 

分 类 号：P342[天文地球—水文科学] P343.1[天文地球—地球物理学]