套袋及喷钙对魏可葡萄矿质元素和果实品质的影响  

Effects of bagging treatments and calcium applications on mineral elements and fruit quality of Wink grape

作　　者：余阳[1] 袁月[1] 王继源[1] 殷健 陶建敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210095 [2]常熟市吉健果业有限公司,江苏常熟215511

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2015年第5期1134-1139,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业葡萄产业技术体系项目(CARS-30);国家科技支撑项目(2013BAD20B05);江苏省三新工程项目[SXGC(2014)004];江苏省科技厅项目(SBE2014030811)

摘　　要：以葡萄晚熟品种魏可为材料,测定分析套袋及喷钙处理对其矿质元素、果实品质、果皮着色程度及裂果率的影响。魏可葡萄果实套微孔袋和塑料袋后,膨大期和转色期果皮中Ca和Mg含量明显下降,而K和B含量无明显变化;果实单果质量和可溶性固形物含量均减少。套袋前分别喷施氨基酸钙和硝酸钾钙,果实单果质量和Ca含量均明显增加,而套微孔袋效果更好。对不套袋的魏可葡萄分别喷施2种钙,果实单果质量和Ca含量增加。魏可葡萄套微孔袋前分别喷2种钙,对防治葡萄裂果的效果较好,裂果发生率分别降低了78%和88%。与对照相比,套袋及喷钙使魏可葡萄果皮颜色明显加深,且喷施硝酸钾钙比氨基酸钙更能降低果实表皮明亮度,加深果皮颜色。可见,袋套及喷钙可以增加魏可葡萄果实的单果质量和Ca含量,降低裂果发生率,并对果实成熟起促进作用。Grape variety Wink subjected to two bagging treatments (microporous bag and plastic bag) and two kinds of calcium solution spraying ( potassium nitrate calcium and amino acid calcium) were determined for mineral elements in peel, fruit quality, peel coloring and fruit-cracking rate to investigate the impact of bagging and calcium application. No bagging and no calcium application was set as control ( CK) . Compared to CK, the contents of Ca and Mg in the peel of Wink grape were de-creased obviously by bagging treatments at fruit swelling period and at veraison, and the fruit weight and soluble solid contents dropped. The contents of K and B were not affected. The single fruit weight and Ca content of Wink grape were increased by two calcium solutions applications and follow-up bagging treatments. Calcium applications raised the single fruit weight and calcium content of Wink grape without bagging as well. Microporous bagging together with two kinds of calcium fertilizers could achieve better control effect on fruit cracking rate which dropped by 78% by amino acid calcium spraying and 88% by potassium nitrate calcium spraying. Bagging treatments drove the grape peel colored darker, and potassium nitrate calcium spraying showed more obvious effect than amino acid calcium spraying. In conclusion, bagging treatments combining calcium solution spraying improved the fruit weight and the contents of Ca of Wink grape, decreased the fruit-cracking rate, and played a positive role in fruit ripening.

关 键 词：葡萄 套袋 喷钙 果皮矿质元素 果实品质 果皮着色 裂果率 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]