人工饲养条件下东方田鼠指名亚种繁殖特性及其幼仔的生长发育  

Reproduction and Postnatal Growth of Microtus fortis fortis under Artificial Feeding Conditions

作　　者：胡忠军[1] 王勇[1] 郭聪[2] 张美文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所 [2]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064

出　　处：《兽类学报》2003年第1期58-65,共8页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技部"九五"攻关资助项目 ( 96 - A23 --0 6 0 4) ;中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目 (KSCX2- SW- 10 3)

摘　　要：在实验室饲养条件下 ,对东方田鼠指名亚种繁殖特性和幼仔生长发育进行了初步观察。该鼠全年均可繁殖 ,平均每胎产仔 3 8± 1 5只 ,妊娠期 2 0～ 2 1d ,繁殖间隔期 39 3± 2 6 4d ,雌雄比为 1 48。幼鼠 3日龄耳壳完全直立 ,4日龄开始长下门齿 ,5日龄长上门齿 ,7～ 8日龄睁眼 ,2 0日龄可断奶 ,5 5日龄左右性成熟。 3种生长模型 (Logistic方程、Gompertz方程和VonBertalanffy方程 )对体重、体长、尾和后足的生长过程的拟合优度均很高 ,择优选用VonBertalanffy方程对体重、体长和尾长进行描述 ,选用Logistic方程对后足长的生长过程进行描述。将该鼠的生长发育过程划分为 4个阶段 ,乳鼠阶段 :初生至 10日龄 ;幼鼠阶段 :11日龄至 2 0日龄 ;亚成年阶段 :2 1至 5 5日龄 ;成年阶段 :5 6日龄以后。对指名亚种和长江亚种生长、繁殖特性异同亦作了初步分析。Preliminary studies on the reproduction and postnatal growth of Microtus fortis fortis were carried out under laboratory feeding conditions. The animals could be bred all year round with mean litter size, gestation period, mean breeding intervals, and the ratio of females to males of 3.8 ± 1.5, 20-21 days, 39.3 ±26.4 days,and 1.48, respectively. New-born pups could erect their ears completely 3 days after birth; lower and upper front teeth begin to emerge at day 4 and day 5, respectively; open their eyes at day 7-8; could be weaned at day 20; and could be sexually matured at around day 55. All three sigmoidal growth models, i.e., logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy equations, are fitted well with growth data of body weight, body length, tail length, and hind foot length from birth up to the age of 120 days. In this studies, Von Bertalanffy equation was chosen for the growth of body weight, body length, and tail length,and logistic equation was selected for the growth of hind foot length. The growth of Microtus fortis fortis could be divided into four stages: infancy phase, from birth to 10 day old; juvenile phase, from 11 to 20 days old; subadult phase, from 21 to 55 days old; and adult phrase, over 56 days old. In addition, we compared preliminarily the differences of growth and development, and reproduction characteristics between of M. f. fortis and of M. f. calamorum.

关 键 词：人工饲养条件 东方田鼠 指名亚种 繁殖特性 幼仔 生长发育 

分 类 号：Q959.837[生物学—动物学] S443.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]