老年人孤独及其相关因素研究  

Study on factors related to loneliness among elderly people

作　　者：刘志荣[1] 倪进发[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省卫生防疫站,合肥230061 [2]安徽医科大学流行病学教研室

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2003年第3期293-295,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的　了解合肥市离退休老年人群孤独现状 ,探讨孤独的相关因素。方法　采用分层随机抽样方法 ,对合肥市 63 3名 60岁以上离退休老年人的孤独及相关因素进行横断面研究。使用UCLA孤独评定量表、健康相关生活质量量表和社会人口特征调查问卷进行询问调查。结果　孤独评分平均为 3 7 85 (SD =9 99) ,女性、高年龄组、文化程度低、独居、单身或丧偶、家庭经济收入低、家庭功能和社会支持不好的老年人 ,孤独评分较高。逐步回归分析结果表明 ,家庭功能、社会支持、支持利用度等变量对预测孤独有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,其中家庭功能的作用最强。结论　家庭功能和社会支持是影响老年人孤独的重要因素。针对家庭功能和社会支持而采取人群干预策略和措施是减轻孤独。Objective To describe the loneliness of elderly people retired in Hefei,and explore the factors related to loneliness.Methods A cross-sectional,epidemiological study was conducted with the participation of 633 elderly subjects aged 60 years and over,selected randomly from 15 stratified sampling units.Data were collected through individual interviews using the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3),other health-related QOL questionnaires and a socio-demographic health information form.Results The mean score of loneliness was 37\^85 (SD=9.99),and the people who were female,aged,uneducated,living alone,single or conjugal bereavement and unsatisfied with economic situation,family function,social support were more likely to have higher scores of loneliness.The results of stepwise multiple regression found that family functioning,social support,supportive utilization and etc.were the significant predicting variables of loneliness,and family functioning was the most powerful predictor.Conclusions Family functioning and social support were two important factors affecting on feelings of loneliness.An important way for alleviating feelings of loneliness and improving quality of life would be the implementation of intervention strategies in population designed to address family function and social support among elderly people.

关 键 词：相关因素研究 心理健康 老年人群 孤独 生活质量 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]