论中国石油储备体系  

PETROLEUM RESERVE SYSTEM IN CHINA

作　　者：王礼茂[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2003年第1期42-47,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 (编号:79970 0 60 );中国科学院知识创新领域前沿项目 (编号 :CXIOG BOO 0 2 )共同资助的研究成果

摘　　要：石油储备是保障能源安全的最有效手段 ,其具体作用主要有以下几个方面 :保障石油的稳定供应、稳定石油的价格、对可能的石油禁运起威慑作用以及在必要时作为政府财政资金的重要来源。发达国家十分重视石油储备 ,并把它作为应对石油危机的最有效的手段 ,美国、日本和欧盟国家都建立了庞大的战略石油储备。随着中国石油对外依赖程度的增加 ,建立石油储备 ,防范石油危机是大势所趋。借鉴发达国家的经验 ,结合中国的实际 ,我国大致用 15a左右的时间 ,分 3个阶段逐步形成 5 0 0 0× 10 4t左右的战略石油储备。储备采用国家和民间相结合方式 ,以国家作为储备的主体。分析其他国家建立石油储备的做法 ,研究可以得到以下几点启示 :石油储备是防范石油危机的首要选择 ;要建立石油储备 ,必须要有法律保障 ;政府和民间相结合 。Petroleum reserve is the most effective way for energy security. The main functions of petroleum reserve are as followings: 1) preventing oil supply suspension; 2) stabilizing oil price; 3) deterring the oil export countries from using “petroleum weapon', and 4) being the financial source of government when necessary. The developed countries have always paid great attention to petroleum reserve, and take it as the most effective way for dealing with oil crisis. Japan, America and EU countries all have large quantity of strategic oil reserve. With more and more dependence upon the import oil, China needs to establish oil reserve in order to avoid the oil crisis. Referring to the experience from developed countries, it will take 15 years for China to establish about 50million tons of strategic petroleum reserve. Two third of the reserved oil should be stored through governmental forms, and the rest can be reserved by oil related enterprises and nongovernmental organizations. Based on the analysis of other countries ways for oil reserve, we can get three inspirations: 1) oil reserve is the first choice for avoiding the oil crisis; 2) the law related to oil reserve should be made first;3) funds for oil reserve can be raised from various channels, both from governmental and nongovernmental ones.

关 键 词：资源储备 发达国家 资源安全 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]