北疆绿洲-荒漠过渡带草地开发优化生态经济模型研究  

Study on the Optimized Ecological Economic Model of Grassland Development in the Oasis Desert Transitional Belt of Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：钱翌[1] 余雄[1] 郭星海[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学环境系,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆呼图壁种牛场,新疆呼图壁831200

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2001年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目! ( 93890 0 9-Ⅴ )

摘　　要：北疆绿洲 -荒漠过渡带草地具有生态边际效应 ,极具开发潜力。根据水、土条件 ,选择宜垦天然草地建立优质高产人工饲料基地 ,极大地增加第一性生产 ,提高向第二性生产转化效率是克服草地生态危机 ,提高草地畜牧业经营效益的关键。以第一性生产给第二性生产提供最多的净能 (NE)和可消化粗蛋白 (DCP)为目标 ,以资源、生态平衡和基本需求为约束条件 ,NE和DCP的供需平衡为调控手段 ,运用线性规划为优化方法 ,确定了草畜优化配置的肉类生产模式。并用系统动力学方法对农草畜系统进行了动态仿真。结果表明 :天然草地开垦为人工饲料基地后 ,生态效益改善明显 ,光能利用率可从 0 .0 138%提高到 1 193% ;土壤含盐量可从 2 5g·kg- 1下降到 8g·kg- 1;载畜量可从每公顷 0 34 6羊单位 ,提高到 9 34～ 33.0 3羊单位 ;可食畜产品的饲料能转化效率从 0 0 547%增加到 7 131%～ 11 4 2 8%。系统的经济效益也产生了巨大的变化 ,每公顷纯收入从 4 7 2 5元递增到 8187 4元 ,农草畜系统的综合生态经济效益提高 12 0倍。The Oasis desert transitional belt has ecological edge effect and great development potentiality.Selecting reclaimable natural grassland as establishing high yield artificial forage production basis in order to increase the primary production dramastically and raise efficiency of the primary production coversion to the secondary production according to the transitional belt conditions of water resources and soils. Taking the highest NE and DCP provided the primary production to secondary production as the goal,the resources,the ecological equilibrium and the basic requirement as the restraining conditions,the quilibrium of supply and demand of NE and DCP as the adjusting method,linear programming as the optimized method,the optimized allocation model of forage livestock transformation is set up.The dynamic simulations of agriforage live stock system are taken by System Dymamics method.The results indicate that ecological benifits are dramastically changed while natural grassland are transformed into artificial forage basis:efficiency of solar energy conversion goes up from 0.0138% to 1.093%;soil salt content drops from 25 g·kg -1 to 8 g·kg -1 ,grazing capacity grows up from 0.346 sheep unit·hm -2 to 33.03 sheep unit·hm -2 ,efficiency of forage energy conversion to boneless animal products increases from 0.0547% to 11.428%.Great changes have taken place in the economic benifits of the system:hectare net imcome increases from 47.25 yuan·hm -2 to 8187.4 yuan·hm -2 .The conprehensive ecological economic benifit index of the system is above 120 times what it was before improvement.The simulation results indicate that established agriforage livestock system is a model of sustainable development.

关 键 词：绿洲-荒漠过渡带 草地开发 优化 生态经济模型 

分 类 号：S282[农业科学—农业水土工程]