长江三峡花岗岩坡面林地土管特性及其对管流的影响  

SOIL PIPE CHARACTERS AND ITS INFLUENCE TO PIPE FLOW IN FOREST LAND AT THE GRANITE SLOPE IN THE THREE-GORGE OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

作　　者：张洪江[1] 程云[1] 史玉虎[2] 王玉杰[1] 盛前丽[1] 陈宗伟 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学资源与环境学院,北京100083 [2]湖北省林业科学研究院,湖北武汉430075 [3]北京达华工程监理咨询公司,北京100038

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2003年第1期55-60,共6页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"长江三峡花岗岩区管流特性研究(49771016);长江三峡库区优先流对地表径流过程的影响(40171014)"的部分研究内容.

摘　　要：相互连通具有一定通透性的土壤大空隙称为大孔隙,亦可称其为土管。根据土管成因不同将其分为四种类型,即土壤动物活动导致的土管、植物根系形成的土管、土壤裂隙形成的土管和土壤水分运动形成的土管。在长江三峡花岗岩地区至少存在两种成因的土管,即植物死亡根系形成的(生物性)土管和由土壤裂隙形成的(地质性)土管。由降雨导致水分在土壤大孔隙中的运动过程称为管流,管流是优先流的主要形式之一。管流的产生对于降雨而言具有一定的滞后性(管流开始出现一般较开始降雨时间推迟3～4小时),管流的产生与降雨强度、降雨量和土壤水力特性等要素有关,相同条件下管流流量和降雨强度及降雨量呈正相关。管流特性不仅与土管的成因有关,而且与土管在土壤剖面的位置也有一定关系。由于土管内部粗糙程度和分枝合流情况不同,土壤前期降雨量、本次降雨强度影响也造成管流的水文过程产生差别。The big soil spaces that are connected each other are called macropores, and can be also named soil pipes. The pipes can be divided into four kinds based on their cause of formation, namely pipes formed by the animals, by the roots of plants, by the cracks of soil and by the soil water movement. There are two kinds of pipes in the granite region of the ThreeGorge of the Yangtze River. They are the life pipes formed by the dead plant roots and the geological pipes formed by the soil cracks. The pipe flow, one kind of the preferential flow, is the water movement in the soil macropores caused by the rainfall. The pipe flow lagged the rainfall 3～4 hours and is related to the rainfall intensity, precipitation and the soil hydraulic properties. The pipe flow increased with the rainfall intensity and rainfall. The properties of the pipe flow are related to not only the cause of the pipes, but also the position of the pipes in the soil section. Because of the differences of the roughness, the interflow, the soil moisture and the rainfall intensity, the pipe flow process shows different hydraulic graph.

关 键 词：长江三峡 花岗岩坡面林地 土管特性 管流 优先流 土壤孔隙 土壤透水性 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学] TV134[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]