温度对小麦碳氮代谢、产量及品质影响  

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON CARBON AND NITROGEN METABOLISM, YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT

作　　者：李永庚[1] 蒋高明[1] 杨景成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2003年第2期164-169,共6页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目( 30 2 0 0 16 5);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX1_0 8_0 2 )

摘　　要：环境温度的变化影响植物的碳氮代谢过程 ,从而改变植物的生长发育。综述了小麦光合产物形成、叶片蔗糖合成、茎鞘中非结构碳水化合物合成与降解、籽粒淀粉合成的一般规律及其在不同温度条件下所发生的变化 ,指出了小麦灌浆期温度超过 30℃后粒重和产量将会降低。小麦品质主要由胚乳中面筋蛋白的特性决定 ,从小麦籽粒蛋白质形成、含量、组分等方面分析了其与灌浆期温度的关系 ,根据面筋蛋白特性的变化 ,认为高温胁迫对小麦烘烤品质会产生不利影响。同时全球气候变暖可能加重小麦灌浆期的高温危害 ,提出了今后相关研究中将要出现的 3个热点问题 :1 )CO2 浓度升高和温度升高协同作用对小麦产量和品质的影响 ,2 )小麦耐热性的生理机制及其栽培调控措施 ,3)Environmental temperature influences the carbon and nitrogen metabolis m process and changes the growth rhythms of plants. Advances in photosynthetic r ate, sucrose synthesis in leaves, nonstructural carbohydrates metabolism in shea th and stems, and starch synthesis rate in kernels of wheat and their responses to temperature were reviewed. It was concluded that kernel weight and yield woul d decrease when the temperature is above 30 ℃. Wheat quality is determined by t h e characteristics of gluten protein. We summarized some advances in protein form ation, contents and components of wheat kernel and their relationships with temp erature. According to the changes in gluten protein under different temperatures , the bake quality of wheat would become worse under heat stress. Global warming would enlarge the heat stress during the filling stage of wheat, and three sugg estions were made for further research in this field: 1) studies on the co_influ ence of CO 2 concentration and temperature evaluation on wheat yield and qualit y; 2) studies on the physiological mechanism of heat tolerance and planting regula tion; 3) Identify the heat tolerant gene and breed heat tolerant cultivars.

关 键 词：温度 非结构碳水化合物 小麦 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]