坡面土地利用方式与景观位置对土壤质量的影响  

Assessment of soil quality in relation to land use and landscape positi on on slope

作　　者：刘世梁[1] 傅伯杰[1] 吕一河[1] 陈利顶[1] 马克明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第3期414-420,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 0 4 680 7);中国科学院知识创新资助项目 (KZCX2 - 40 5);国家自然科学基金资助项目 (4 0 1710 85)~~

摘　　要：坡面土地利用与植被的斑块化镶嵌是人类干扰山区景观异质性的特点。在卧龙湿润高山地区 ,森林砍伐、植被破坏、农业坡耕地与人工林种植是居民区附近土地利用多样化的原因。从样带与生态系统类型尺度上探究土地利用与坡面景观位置对土壤水分与养分的影响 ,利用定量化的方法 ,揭示坡面上土壤质量与土地利用类型、景观位置之间的关系。选取了四种典型的土地利用类型 (灌丛 ,撂荒地 ,坡耕地和人工林 )与 4个坡面位置 (上坡 ,中坡 ,下坡和坡脚 ) ,通过样带采样研究它们之间土壤养分的差异。利用主成分分析(PCA)等多元统计方法来定量化比较不同土地利用与坡位下的土壤质量。结果表明 ,灌丛有着较高的土壤质量指数 (QI)。而人工林与农田的 QI值较低 ,这表明灌丛在坡面上有着“肥力岛屿”效应。不同坡位条件下土壤质量指数 (PI)表明 ,与中坡位和下坡位相比 ,上坡位与坡脚处土壤质量要高。结果说明坡面土壤质量的变化是土地利用方式变化与景观位置分异综合作用的结果。During the last 50 years, human disturbance-induced vegetation heterogeneity an d fragmentation as a result of increasing demand for firewood, timber and food c rops in the residential area of mountains of upper reaches of Yangtse River had received extensive attention. Vegetation and land use mosaics of heterogeneous e cosystems of shrubs land, grassland, farmland and reforested land are characteri stic for residential area of the Wolong nature reserve in Sichuan province. The mosaic of vegetation represents a stage in a long-term human disturbance. Land use changes may influence many natural phenomena and ecological processes, including soil nutrients and soil water change. Characterizing spatial variabili ty and distribution of nutrients in relation to site characteristics including c limate, land use, landscape position and other variables is critical for underst anding how ecosystems work and assessing the effects of future land use change o n nutrients. On the slope scale landscape position and land use may be the domin ant factors of soil properties. This paper was to elucidate the soil-land use type, soil-landscape position re lationships on a slope scale. The effects of land use changes on the distributio n of soil nutrients and moisture were studied on the spatial scales of transect and land use type. Soils were taken from four typical land use types (shrubs lan d, waste land, farmland and reforested land) under four landscape positions (upp er slope, middle slope, lower slope, foot slope). On each slope position, four d ifferent land use types were selected and soils were sampled. The slope is south east-facing. The mean soil moisture contents of the shrubs land, waste land, farm land and fo restland soils were 16.28%, 14.23%, 14.93% and 13.98%, respectively. The so il moisture of shrubs land was 9%～14.6% greater than that of other land uses. The average soil moisture contents of top slope, middle slope, lower slope and f oot slope were 14.54%, 12.52%, 12.82%, 19.95%. The soil water content

关 键 词：土壤养分 土壤质量 土地利用 景观位置 主成分分析 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]