生境变化对集合种群系统生态效应的影响  

The influence of habitat destruction on the ecological effect of metapopulation

作　　者：林振山[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地科院,南京210097

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第3期480-485,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五""2 1 1"工程重大资助项目~~

摘　　要：通过大量的数值模拟发现 :生境恢复或扩展将导致集合种群的强弱序由自然数的顺序规律演变为奇数种群强 -偶数种群弱 ,同时集合种群里的最优秀种群将迅速扩张、发展为更为强大的最优势种。而当生境遭受到破坏 (毁坏 ) ,集合种群里的最优秀种群将迅速地伦为最弱者。如果栖息地的毁坏率大于集合种群优势种对栖息地的占有率 ,不仅集合种群里的优势种群将不可避免地灭绝 ,伴随最优秀种群走向灭绝的种群依次还有第二、第三、第四强等的种群。同时 ,将导致集合种群的强弱序由自然数的顺序规律演变为偶数种群强 -奇数种群弱。Loss of habitat due to human activities is a major threat to biological diversit y, and habitat destruction may be the major reason of species extinctions. Two p oints of interest and important questions are who will be the first to become e xtinct in matepopulation communities when the habitat is destroyed, the inferior competitors or the superior competitors? what effects will be exerted on the di fferent species by increasing the habitat? They are especially important today w hen environmental protection, restoration of ecological balance are greatly advo cated. Here we describe a model (Tilman et al., 1994) that explains multispe cies coexistence in patch habitats and which predicts that their abundance may b e fleeting. By considerable numerical simulations, we have the following result under the condition of best competitors with most abundant, equal mortality: the restoration of environment will lead to the rearrangement of species order, fro m the natural number arrangement to odd-even order arrangement, while the stron g est species will enlarge its habitat. When environment is destroyed, the origina lly strong will become the weakest one. If the percentage of destruction is grea ter than the occupancy rate of the strongest species, not only the strongest spe cies, but the second, the third,…,species will die out. At the same time, the natural order of species evolution will change to another law: the even number s pecies is superior to the odd number species.

关 键 词：生境变化 生态效应 集合种群 生境毁坏 灭绝 动力学 机制 

分 类 号：Q141[生物学—生态学]