蔬菜-花卉秸秆混合堆肥性状表征及纤维素分解菌群选育研究  

Characteristics of Co-compost of Vegetable Wastes and Flower Stalks and Isolation of Lignocelluloses-degrading Microorganisms from the Co-compost

作　　者：邱向阳[1] 陆文静[1] 王洪涛[1] 黄鼎曦[1] 黄得扬[1] 高海军[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [2]清华大学生命科学院微生物实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》2003年第2期254-261,共8页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：国家重大科技专项"滇池流域面源污染控制技术研究"课题资助项目 (k99- 0 5 -35 - 0 2 )

摘　　要：利用小型堆肥反应器 ,以蔬菜和花卉秸秆为堆肥生料 ,研究了蔬菜 花卉秸秆混合堆肥体系的动力学特征。结果表明 ,质量比为 2∶3的蔬菜和花卉秸秆在容积为 10 0L的反应器中 ,通气量为 0 3m3h-1的条件下能达到较理想的发酵状态。在秸秆堆肥体系中 ,以纤维素为惟一碳源筛选到一批具有较高纤维素降解能力的微生物菌 ,初步统计有 32种表现型 ,其中 7种为真菌 ,2 5种为细菌。通过微生物正交实验 ,得到 4组高效组合菌剂 (共 15种表现型 ) ,能在 3d内快速启动滤纸条降解。该研究为下一步花卉秸秆高效复合降解菌剂的研制 ,以及解决混合发酵过程中蔬菜和花卉秸秆发酵不同步问题提供前期基础。A co-composting system was set up to study the characteristics of the mixed composting of vegetable wastes and flower stalks.The result showed that an ideal fermentation state could be achieved when vegetable wastes and flower stalks were mixed at the weight ratio of 2∶3 and at a ventilation rate of 0. 3 m3h -1 in a 100?L composting reactor.Some effective cellulose-degrading microorganisms were screened and isolated at the different stages of co-composting on cellulose Congo red agar using cellulose as sole carbon source,among which,7 were fungi and other 25 were bacterial.All isolates grew quite well on cellulose Congo red agar and clear zone appeared around the colonies.Four highly effective combinations were obtained by means of orthogonal test,which showed the ability of initiating filter paper degradation in three days' incubation in broth medium.The study provided the evidence for the feasibility of developing the active microorganism with high capability of degrading cellulose components in order to enhance the degradation of flower stalks during the co-composting of vegetable wastes and flower stalks and solved the problem of the asynchronous fermentation of different substrates in the system.

关 键 词：混合堆肥 花卉秸秆 纤维素分解菌 正交试验 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]