琼州海峡水沙输运特征研究  

Characteristics of water and sediment transport in the Qiongzhou Strait

作　　者：李占海[1] 柯贤坤[1] 王倩[1] 高建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室,南京210093

出　　处：《地理研究》2003年第2期151-159,共9页Geographical Research

基　　金：教育部科学技术研究重点项目 (990 5 5 ) ;国家自然科学基金 (499760 2 6)

摘　　要：根据 1995年 2～ 3月在琼州海峡两岸 12个站点的同步观测资料 ,本文集中分析研究了海峡的水沙输运特征。琼州海峡潮流作用活跃 ,流速平均在 0 15～ 0 74ms- 1(大潮 )和 0 12～ 0 5 1ms- 1(小潮 )之间。海峡悬沙浓度大小潮十分接近 (分别为 0 0 2 8kgm- 3 、0 0 2 6kgm- 3 ) ,并具有明显的时间性和地域性。周日单宽悬沙输运量在 30～ 110 0 0kg之间。潮流和波浪产生的泥沙再悬浮对海峡含沙量有较大影响 ,潮流作用还造成底质沉积物的运动 ,海峡周日单宽推移质输运率最大可达 1640 0kg。受潮波系统和地形地貌影响 ,海峡北岸输水、输沙方向以西向为主 ,南岸以东北、东南向为主 ,流速、余流、悬沙输运通量皆具有大潮强于小潮 。As the southernmost strait of China, the Qiongzhou Strait connects the Beibu Gulf and the South China Sea, and is very important to Hainan Province in terms of environmental protection and resources management The tidal process in the Qiongzhou Strait is very active, with average tidal current speeds of 0 15 0 74 ms -1 (springs) and 0 12 0 51 ms -1 (neaps) Suspended sediment concentrations in the strait during spring and neap tides are rather close (0 028 and 0 026 kgm -3 , respectively), but with clear temporal and spatial changes Suspended sediment transport flux of the strait varies at about 30 11,000 kgm -1 tide -1 Tide and/or wave induced sediment resuspension has a great influence on the suspended sediment concentration and transportflux In the same time, tidal currents also produce bed load sediment transport across the strait, with a maximum bed load sediment transport flux of 16,400 kgm -1 tide -1 On the whole, affected by tidal wave systems and topographic configuration of the strait, the north bank of the Qiongzhou Strait is dominated by westward water and sediment transport while NE and/or SE transport dominate the south bank Regionally, tidal current speeds, residual tidal current speeds and suspended sediment transport fluxes are all higher in spring tides than in neap tides, and in the north bank than in the south bank of the strait Future studies require detailed wave observation for a better understanding of the wave process and the combined processes of tides and waves

关 键 词：琼州海峡 余流 流速 地形 地貌 悬沙 

分 类 号：P737[天文地球—海洋地质]