近海沉积物重金属研究及环境意义  

ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE AND RESEARCH OF HEAVY METALS IN OFFSHORE SEDIMENTS

作　　者：张丽洁[1] 王贵[2] 姚德[3] 段国正[3] 

机构地区：[1]青岛海洋地质研究所,青岛266071 [2]吉林大学,长春130026 [3]山东理工大学,淄博255049

出　　处：《海洋地质动态》2003年第3期6-9,共4页Marine Geology Letters

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目 (Q99E0 4 )

摘　　要：水体中各种来源的重金属主要在近海快速沉积。一些污染海区沉积物中重金属高度聚集 ,有形成潜在的化学定时炸弹的可能。从岸向海 ,沉积物中重金属含量逐渐降低 ,主要受陆地排污、水动力作用及沉积物粒度的控制和影响。2 1 0 Pb、1 37Cs同位素测年技术已经成为确定我国近海沉积物重金属区域环境背景值、判定环境的演变趋势的有利工具。环境近海沉积物中重金属的聚集主要与周边地区人类活动有关 ,其垂向变化反映了沿岸人类活动与自然环境相互作用的历史 ,是评价环境现状及演变趋势、识别问题区域的重要标志。Heavy metals from different sources can be rapidly deposited in the offshore sediments. In seriously polluted areas, considerable heavy metal anomaly is not found in water, but in the sediments, and heavy metals are obviously concentrated, which could form potential chemical time bomb if heavy metal contents from continental pollutant discharge keep on increasing or environmental conditions change. Gradually, the contents of heavy metals reduce with distance from coast to sea. The distributions of heavy metals in sediments are mainly controlled by the continental pollutant discharge, hydrodynamic conditions and sediment grain sizes. The vertical variations of heavy metals in offshore sediments have recorded environmental evolutionary trend and influence of man's activities, which are important indicators to evaluate environment quality and cognize polluted areas. 210 Pb and 137 Cs dating techniques are useful methods for determining the heavy metal background values of regional environment and for assessing environmental quality and evolution. Especially, it is suitable to the heavy metal research on Chinese offshore areas because the modern industry and agriculture have begun to develop since hundred years ago in China. It is suggested that the government should synthetically manage offshore environment. Besides, geochemical engineering should be considered as a tool to improve polluted offshore environment.

关 键 词：海洋沉积物 重金属 环境地球化学 人类活动 粒度 同位素测年技术 

分 类 号：P736.21[天文地球—海洋地质]