N、P、NP营养对杉木苗木生长和光合产物分配的影响  

EFFECTS OF N,P AND NP NUTRITION ON GROWTH AND ALLOCATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTS OF CHINESE FIR SEEDLINGS

作　　者：张建国[1] 盛炜彤[1] 罗红艳[1] 熊有强[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心,分宜336600

出　　处：《林业科学》2003年第2期21-27,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目;国家林业局林木培育重点实验室项目资助

摘　　要：对NP营养亏缺条件下施N、P和P营养亏缺条件下施NP对苗木生长和光合产物分配的影响进行了研究 ,结果表明 :(1 )在土壤NP营养亏缺状态下 ,施N对不同苗龄杉木苗木的影响不同。施N对 2a生苗木生长有明显促进作用 ,而对 1a生苗木反而有抑制作用 ,说明 2a生苗木对N营养的需求高于 1a生苗木。 (2 )在NP亏缺状态下 ,增加N素的供应 ,使得 2a生苗木光合产物的累积由根部向冠部转移 ;而施P使得 2a生苗木的光合产物的累积则由冠部向根部转移 ,1a生苗木的光合产物累积则由根部向冠部转移。由此可见 ,苗龄不同 ,其对营养的反应也不尽相同。 (3 )在N素营养充足、P素亏缺状态下 ,NP复合肥对 2a生苗木干物质分配规律是 :随着P营养亏缺的解除 ,光合产物累积由根向茎、叶转移 ,其中向茎转移累积量为 0 5 0 %～ 3 1 3 % ,向叶部转移为 7 2 1 %～ 1 1 76% ,显然光合产物累积主要向叶部转移。 (4)光合产物的累积由根系向冠部转移 ,表明营养亏缺得到明显改善或者完全解除 ,相反则表明营养的供应并没有从实质上解除亏缺或进一步加剧了营养失调。 (5 )在N素营养充足、P素亏缺状态下 ,施NP复合肥 (NH4) 2 HPO4对 2a生苗木生长的影响有其独特的变化规律。在施肥初期 ,反应出施肥对苗木生长产生了一定抑制作用 ,但随着NP营养水平?The responses of the growth and the allocation of photosynthetic products in Chinese fir seedlings to N, P fertilizer and NP compound fertilizer under the N-deficiency and P-deficiency conditions in the soil were studied in this paper. The main results were as follows: (1) Under the N and P stress, N fertilizer accelerated the growth of two-year-old seedlings in some degree and the accumulation of photosynthetic products moved from roots to leaves. This showed that the N stress had been relaxed gradually. The use of P fertilizer, which caused the movement of photosynthetic products from roots to stem and leaves, indicated that the increase of P fertilizer could alleviate and sometimes could eliminate the P deficiency of one-year-old seedlings. By contraries, the P fertilizer caused the movement of photosynthetic products accumulation in 2-year-old seedlings from stem to roots. It showed that the P stress had not been eliminated essentially in 2-year-old seedlings with the increase of P concentration in soil and 2-year-old seedlings needed more N than 1-year-old seedlings. Hence, it was very important to use the balance NP compound fertilizer properly on seedlings at different growth stages. (2)Under the N-adequate and P-deficient situation in soil, the application of NP compound fertilizer caused the movement of photosynthetic products accumulation in 2-year-old seedlings from roots to stem (the rate of moved accumulation was 0.50%～3.13%) and leaves (the rate of moved accumulation was 7.21%～11.76%),and also revealed the elimination of P deficiency.

关 键 词：杉木 苗木 营养特性 光合产物分配 氮 磷 

分 类 号：S791.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种]