黄河故道盐沼土壤碳、氮含量和氨氧化微生物分布特征  

The Contents of Carbon and Nitrogen of Different Forms and Distribution of Ammonia Oxidizing Prokaryotes in Soils of Ancient Yellow River

作　　者：邹雨璇 程静[1] 刘康[1] 郑京晶[1] 闫家国[1] 于淑玲[1] 邵晓静[1] 崔保山[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《湿地科学》2015年第6期752-758,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB430406);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(51125035)资助

摘　　要：以黄河三角洲南岸故道为研究区,研究湿地土壤中各形式碳、氮含量和氨氧化微生物的分布特征。选择氨单加氧酶基因(amo A)和联氨合成关键基因(hzs B),分别作为氨氧化古菌(AOA)、氨氧化细菌(AOB)和厌氧氨氧化菌(anammox)的分子标记,通过分子生物技术手段,进行定量分析。结果表明,土壤盐度和全碳含量是影响湿地土壤中全氮含量、硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量和氨氧化古菌丰度的主要指标。近海光滩和芦苇(Phragmites australis)—柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)盐沼土壤的铵态氮含量较高,柽柳盐沼土壤的硝态氮含量较高。土壤盐度、全碳和全氮含量由海向陆逐渐增高。油田区盐沼土壤的硝态氮含量在不同深度呈现强变异性,变异系数大于1,在10~20 cm深度土壤中达到1.55。光滩土壤的氨氧化古菌丰度为3.41×108~1.9×104copies/g;油田区盐沼土壤的氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌丰度在0~20 cm深度较高,氨氧化古菌丰度为1.69×108~5.6×105copies/g,氨氧化细菌丰度为1.41×107~1.20×104copies/g,厌氧氨氧化菌分布在30~40 cm深度土壤中,丰度为7.85×105copies/g。柽柳盐沼土壤的硝态氮含量和氨氧化微生物丰度较高,表明该区域是湿地氨氧化反应的活跃区。氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌丰度比值随着盐度降低而降低,氨氧化古菌在0~40 cm深度都检测到丰度,说明氨氧化古菌比氨氧化细菌和厌氧氨氧化菌具有更广阔的生态位。The study analysis the contents of carbon and nitrogen, and the distribution of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes such as archea(AOA), bacteria(AOB), and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox) in wetland of the ancient Yellow River. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing prokaryotes were investigated using various molecular techniques targeting the hzs B gene(hydrazine synthase β subunit) and the ammonia monooxygenase(amo A) genes. The results showed that the salinity and total carbon in the soil are the main indicators influencing total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium and AOA. Ammonium content was high in offshore tidal flats and soils of Phragmites australis-Tamarix chinensis mixed marsh zone, nitrate content was high in Tamarix chinensis marsh, and the salinity, total carbon and total nitrogen increased gradually from estuary to inland.In oilfield reclamation districts, nitrate content showed strong variability in different soil depths, and the coefficient of variation was greater than 1, reaching to 1.55 in the 10-20 cm depth. In offshore tidal flats, abundance of AOA was 3.41×108-1.9×104copies/g. In the oilfield reclamation areas, abundance of AOA and AOB were higher in 0-20 cm depth of soil, were 1.69×108-5.6 ×105copies/g, and 1.41×107-1.20×104copies/g respectively, and anammox were distributed in the underlying layer 30-40 cm, the abundance was 7.85×105copies/g.In Tamarix chinensis salt marsh, concentrations of nitrate and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes were higher, indicating that Tamarix chinensis area is a hotspot area with ammonia oxidizing. At last, the abundance ratio of AOA and AOB decreased with lowering of salinity, and abundance of AOA were detected in all the sample sites, showing that AOA has a broader niche than AOB and anammox.

关 键 词：滨海湿地 氨氧化微生物 碳 氮 黄河故道 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]