黄河三角洲沼泽中大型底栖动物的分布特征  

Distribution Features of Macrobenthic Communities in Marshes in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：李姗泽[1] 崔保山[1] 谢湉[1] 张树岩[2] 刘伟华[2] 付守强 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理局,山东东营257091

出　　处：《湿地科学》2015年第6期759-764,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB430406);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(51125035);国家创新群体基金项目(51121003)资助

摘　　要：一般认为湿地恢复应该先从植物恢复着手,因此,在黄河三角洲的盐沼和淡水沼泽中,对盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)盐沼、光滩、芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽和明水面中的植物和大型底栖动物分布进行了调查,并对4种生境的环境因子进行了监测,分析各生境中大型底栖动物群落多样性的差异,探索主要影响大型底栖动物分布的环境因子,从而判断单一植物群落湿地恢复是否为正确的选择。结果表明,共记录24种大型底栖动物物种,隶属于3门7纲11目;在光滩、盐地碱蓬盐沼、芦苇沼泽和明水面中的底栖动物物种数分别为9种、4种、6种和10种,表明无植物的光滩中的大型底栖动物的物种数量并不比单一植物群落沼泽中的少,生境类型、地理位置和环境因子等多方面因素共同决定了大型底栖动物的分布特征;分布在淡水沼泽与盐沼中的大型底栖动物物种完全不同;在淡水沼泽和盐沼中,水深、土壤(沉积物)盐度和硬度是决定大型底栖动物分布的关键指标。对滨海湿地进行恢复,生境类型的空间异质性恢复要比单一植物群落恢复更为重要。The coastal wetlands are disturbed by both natural and anthropogenic stresses. Thus, scientific measures need to be taken to restore the vulnerable wetlands. The general idea for the wetlands restoration is to begin with plant restoration. Therefore, Suaeda salsa salt marsh, bare salt marsh, Phragmites australis marsh and open water were selected in the Yellow River Delta as study sites. To identify whether restore single plant species is a good decision, the distribution characteristics of macrobenthos in 4 habitats were investigated, and the relationships between environmental factors and indexes of macorbenthos characteristics were also analyzed. The 24 species of macrobenthos in total were recorded, which belongs to 3 Phyla, 7 classes and 11 orders. Number of macrobenthos species in the Suaeda salsa salt marsh, bare salt marsh, Phragmites australis marsh and open water was 9, 4, 6 and 10, respectively. In both salt and freshwater marshes, the diversities of macrobenthos in vegetated habitats were not always higher than non-vegetated habitats. Both habitats and environmental factors contributed in the distribution of macrobenthic communities. There is no overlap macrobenthos species in the salt and freshwater marshes in the study. Water depth and salinity were key factors in determining macrobenthos distribution both in salt and freshwater marshes. To keep habitat heterogeneity is an effective way for wetland restoration.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 黄河三角洲 物种多样性 分布 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]