中国栽培稻选育品种等位酶多样性及其与形态学性状的相关分析  

Genetic Diversity of Allozyme Associated with Morphological Traits in Chinese Improved Rice Varieties

作　　者：魏兴华[1] 汤圣祥[2] 江云珠[2] 余汉勇[2] 裘宗恩[3] 颜启传[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州310029 [2]中国水稻研究所国家水稻改良中心,浙江杭州310006 [3]中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2003年第2期123-128,共6页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家"973"水稻核心种质构建项目 ( G19980 10 2 0 1) ;国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 0 170 5 66)

摘　　要：选取源自我国 2 6个省 (自治区、直辖市 )不同选育时期、不同类型的 74 4份栽培稻选育品种为试验材料 ,应用 5种等位酶 12个等位基因位点分析我国栽培稻选育品种的遗传多样性 ,并研究等位酶和形态学性状在多样性研究中的相关性。结果显示 :等位酶多态位点百分率 (P)、平均等位基因观察数 (A)、平均等位基因有效数 (Ae)、Shannon多样性指数 (I)和Nei基因多样性指数 (H e)分别为 10 0 %、3.16 7、1.5 15、0 .4 5 2和 0 .2 72 ;籼粳两类型等位基因频率分布有所不同 ,籼型多样性指数 (I和 H e)明显高于粳型 ,分别为粳型的 1.70 2和 1.730倍 ;华中稻区遗传多样性指数最高 (H e=0 .2 83) ,东北稻区则最低 (H e=0 .0 6 2 ) ;除西南稻区外 ,其余稻区等位酶和形态学两类性状所获得的品种间距离矩阵呈显著或极显著相关 ,相关系数为 0 .16 3～ 0 .390。Seven hundred and forty four Chinese rice improved varieties with different ecotypes bred in 1931-1998 were selected to detect the genetic diversity by 12 allele loci of five allozymes and analyze the correlation between allozyme distance and morphological traits distance. Results showed that the percentage of polymorphic loci (P), average allele number (A), average effective allele number (Ae), Shannon's index (I), and Nei's gene diversity index (He) of Chinese rice improved varieties were 100%, 3.167, 1.515, 0.452, and 0.272, respectively. The allele frequencies were different between indica rice and japonica rice. The genetic diversity of indica rice was higher than that of japonica rice. I and He of indica rice were 1 702 fold and 1.730 fold as many as those of japonica rice, respectively. The genetic diversity of Central China rice region was highest (He=0.283) and that of Northeast China rice region was lowest (He=0.062) in the six rice regions in China. The correlations between allozyme distance and morphological traits distance were ranged from 0.163 to 0.390, and significant at 0.05 or 0.01 level, respectively, in rice regions of China (except Southwest China rice region).

关 键 词：栽培稻 选育品种 遗传多样性 等位酶 形态学性状 相关分析 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]