面神经额支的定义及与颞部软组织层次关系  

Applied anatomy of the frontal branch of facial nerve: definition and its location in temporal soft-tissue layers

作　　者：姜平[1] 高建华[1] 钟世镇[2] 徐达传[2] 

机构地区：[1]第一军医大学南方医院整形外科 [2]第一军医大学解剖学教研室,广东广州510515

出　　处：《中国临床解剖学杂志》2003年第2期118-120,142,共4页Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy

摘　　要：目的:阐明面神经额支的定义及与颞部软组织层次的关系,为相关手术预防额支损伤提供解剖学基础。方法:16具防腐和2具新鲜成人尸体头部标本分别进行显微解剖和组织切片,观测面神经额支穿出腮腺的位置点、数目以及与颞部软组织层次的关系。结果:(1)面神经颞支有(2.6±0.8)支,其中额支有(2.1±0.7)支,颞支在耳屏间切迹前(17.6±5.2)、上(7.2±2.3)mm处出腮腺上缘;(2)在颧弓表面,面神经额支与颞浅血管走行在与颞浅筋膜及骨膜结合紧密的疏松结缔组织层中;在颞部,颞浅血管浅出至颞浅筋膜的浅面并被其包绕,而额支始终紧贴颞浅筋膜深面走行在疏松结缔组织中。结论:(1)面神经额支是支配额肌的颞支之一,分布到骨性额部即颧额缝以上、冠状缝与颞上线相交点以前的区域。(2)在颧弓一颞部的皮下脂肪层与颞浅筋膜之间,或在颧弓骨膜下一颞深筋膜浅层深面解剖分离不易损伤面神经额支。Objective: To clarify the definition of the frontal branch of facial nerve(FB ) and its location in temporal soft-tissue layers. Methods: Sixteen fixed adult head specimens were dissected) with the number of FB as well as its exit site from the parotid gland documented. Results: ㏕he temporal branch(TB) of facial nerve emerged from the superior margin of the parotid at the point of 17. 6±5. 2 mm before and 7. 2±2. 3 mm above the intertragus notch, and there were 2.1±0. 7 rami of FB among 2. 6±0. 8 of TB.②?On the zygomatic arch, FB ran with the superficial temporal vessels (STV) in the areolar tissue that tightly fused with the superficial temporal fascia(STF)and the periosteum; In the temporal region, the STV was enwrapped within the STF, while the FB kept running in the areolar tissue under the STF. Conclusions: ①The FB was one of TB, which innervated the frontal muscle, distributing to the area between the coronal suture and the zygomaticotemporal suture. ②It is safe to dissect in the plane between the subcutaneous and the STF, or under the periosteum of zygoma and superficial layer of deep temporal fascia.

关 键 词：面神经 颞支 额支 颞浅筋膜 

分 类 号：R323.1[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] R322.85[医药卫生—基础医学]