中国4种蝗虫不同种群的遗传分化  

Genetic Differentiation of Different Populations of Four Locust Species in China

作　　者：李春选[1,2] 马恩波[1] 郑先云[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学生命科学与技术学院 [2]运城学院生化系,山西运城044000

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》2003年第3期234-244,共11页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (No .30 170 6 12 );山西省科技厅科研项目 (No .0 12 0 15 )~~

摘　　要：采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术 ,应用等位酶分析方法对采自我国山西、江苏、河北等地不同蝗区优势蝗虫种类 3科 4种 8个种群的 12种酶 18个酶位点进行了检测 ,比较了 4种蝗虫种群水平的等位基因频率变化和它们之间的遗传距离。等位基因频率分析表明 :中华稻蝗和笨蝗各位点等位基因丰富 ,而长翅素木蝗和短额负蝗各位点等位基因较少。在所研究的 4种蝗虫 8个种群中 ,多态位点百分率普遍较高 (P =5 3 3%～ 10 0 0 %) ,由于杂合子数目较少而使每个位点的平均杂合度观察值偏低 (Ho=0 0 34～ 0 139)。受迁飞能力、繁殖方式和活动范围的限制 ,4种蝗虫的平均杂合度观察值表现出一定的差异 :笨蝗较高 (Ho =0 0 89～ 0 139) ,其次是中华稻蝗 (Ho =0 0 73～0 0 90 ) ,而长翅素木蝗 (Ho=0 0 48～ 0 0 6 8)和短额负蝗 (Ho=0 0 34～ 0 0 5 0 )相对较低。除Adk 1、Ao 1、Idh 1、Ldh 1、Ldh 2和Me 1在部分蝗虫种群符合Hardy Weinberg平衡外 ,其余绝大多数位点的基因型频率显著偏离H W平衡 ,但短额负蝗的多个位点符合或接近H W平衡 ,表明该种蝗虫在自然种群结构方面明显有别于其他种类。从 4种蝗虫的F 统计量 (Fst)看 ,笨蝗种群间基因分化程度最高 (Fst=0 32 ) ,其次是短额负蝗 (Fst=0 31) 。The genetic structure of eight populations of four locust species in three families (Catantopidae,Pamphagidae and Pyrgomorphidae) was examined by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis,the locusts were collected from Shanxi,Jiangsu and Hebei Province in China.The allele frequency and allozyme polymorphism of 12 enzymes (18 loci) were analyzed.Low variability with a few alleles was observed in Shirakiacris shirakii and Atractomorpha sinensis,however,Oxya Chinensis and Haplotropis brunneriana showed high polymorphism.In the eight populations of the four locust species,high percentage of polymorphic loci was observed (53.3%～100.0%).Owing to heterozygote deficiency of some species,all the four species demonstrated low overall heterozygosity (H o=0.034～0.139),which lead to the genotype frequency deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.However,many of the examined loci were fit for or close to H-W equilibrium in Atractomorpha sinensis.A certain differentiation in mean heterozygosity was found among the four species.Due to the difference of migratory capability,reproductive manner and living bound,mean heterozygosity (H o) is higher in Haplotropis brunneriana(H o=0.089～0.139) and Oxya Chinensis(H o=0.073～0.090) than in Atractomorpha sinensis (H o=0.034～0.050) and Shirakiacris shirakii (H o=0.048～0.068).Genetic differentiation from F-statistics was also different at population level among four locust species.It was high in Haplotropis brunneriana (F st=0.32) and Atractomorpha sinensis (F st=0.31),and low genetic differentiations were observed in Oxya Chinensis (F st=0.20) and Shirakiacris shirakii (F st=0.18).It was confirmed that migratory capability,adaptability and surrounding factors had an important influence on the genetic differentiation of locust populations.The taxon relationships based on Nei's genetic identity (I) and genetic distance (D) were consistent with results obtained from karyotypic analyses.Oxya Chinensis and Shirakiacris shirakii in the same famil

关 键 词：蝗虫 遗传分化 种群 等位酶 系统发育 中国 

分 类 号：Q963[生物学—昆虫学]