20世纪下半叶开都河与博斯腾湖的水文特征  

Study on Hydrological Features of the Kaidu River and the Bosten Lake in the Second Half of 20th Century

作　　者：李宇安[1] 谭芫[1] 姜逢清[2] 王亚俊[2] 胡汝骥[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆巴州水文水资源勘测局,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2003年第2期215-218,共4页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KZCX1 10 0 6;KZCX2 3 0 1) ;国家自然科学基金重大项目 (90 2 0 2 0 13 ) ;中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所项目 (2 0 0 0 10 14 )资助

摘　　要：开都河属于雪冰融水和雨水混合补给的河流 ,流域共有冰川 72 2条 ,冰川总面积为 4 4 5km2 ,冰川总储量为 2 2 .4km3 .开都河年径流补给源中 ,积雪和冰川及地下水补给占有相当大的比例 .开都河是博斯腾湖的主要补给源 ,对博斯腾湖生态与环境起着至关重要的作用 .1987年以来 ,由于开都河天然年径流量的大幅度增加 ,博斯腾湖水位不断持续上升回复到上世纪 5 0年代水平 ,目前 ,已达到历史最高水位 .Kaidu River is the largest river in the Bayinguolen Prefecture, Xinjiang, supplied by snow ice melting water and rainfall, with the total length of 560 km. There are 722 glaciers with total area of 445 km 2 and total water amount of 22.4 km 3 in this watershed. By analysis, the glacier melted water and the ground water still share a larger amount of the total water discharge of Kaidu River even in the abnormal plentiful runoff year of 2000. The seasonal distribution of the rivers water discharge, however, is the same as those in other years. Kaidu River is the main recharge source of Bosten Lake, which plays an important role in the eco-environment of the lake. According to the surveying data, the total salts amount of Bosten Lake has increased from 75×10 4 t in 1958 to 210×10 4 t at present, owing to the increase of the agricultural waste-water channeling into the lake. It is the mean reason of that the lake is always in the high level of the mineralized degree. Since the late of 1990s, the lake water level has returned to that in 1950s, and even to the highest one in the history due to enhancement of the environmental protection and increasing of the water discharges of Kaidu River.

关 键 词：20世纪 开都河 博斯腾湖 冰川 地下水 径流量 

分 类 号：P343.1[天文地球—水文科学] P343.3[天文地球—地球物理学]