云南石林碳酸盐岩表面气生蓝藻(蓝细菌)研究  

A Study on Aerial Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) on the Surface of Carbonate Rock in Yunnan Stone Forest, Yunnan Province, China

作　　者：田友萍[1] 张捷[2] 宋林华[1] 包浩生[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]南京大学城市与资源学系,南京210093

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第11期1793-1802,2020,T001,T002,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (4 0 2 71 0 1 7) ;中国石林研究基金资助项目 (1 9990 1 )

摘　　要：云南石林的黑石头及其颜色会随着天气的变化而变化的自然景观 ,是由于其碳酸盐岩表面长满黑色气生蓝藻 (蓝细菌 )之故。经鉴定 ,气生蓝藻共 4目 ,1 1科 ,3 1属 ,1 88种。种类十分丰富。其优势种主要为寄生微囊藻、红色星球藻、伯氏伪枝藻和皮壳伪枝藻等 ;寄生微囊藻和红色星球藻呈面状分布 ,相对均衡 ;伯氏伪枝藻和皮壳伪枝藻呈点状分布 ,相对集中。这些气生蓝藻的胶被色泽鲜艳 ,宽厚而坚硬 ,是适宜高山岩石表面生活的典型进化特征。在野外肉眼观察时 ,气生蓝藻还表现出不同形态的微群落 ;发现气生蓝藻能溶解石灰石 ,形成钻孔 ,加速岩石的溶蚀与风化。这些现象表明 ,气生蓝藻与云南石林岩石表面的微形态及整个石林景观的形成都有着十分密切的关系。The well known Yunnan Stone Forest is located in the Shilin County(former Lunan county,“Shilin” means the Stone Forest in Chinese.)and 24°30′～25°03′N and 103°10′～103°40′E, 85km southeast of Kunming, provincial capital of Yunnan, China. It is not only a great tourist attraction, but also of important scientific and aesthetic value. In the Yunnan Stone Forest National Park,there are variety shapes of stones such as blade\|shape,tower\|shape and mushroom\|shape.The best of all amazements is the color of these stones in changable with weather.When it is raining,offwhite stones become black.When it is fine,their black color returns original offwhite. After the field work on the Stone Forest,we found the black on the surface of stone results mainly form the living cyanophyta(cyanobacteria).These cyanophyta living on the dry surface of carbonate stone belong to typical aerial algae,which can live in the air or on rock surface lacking water and only obtain available water is from rain or fog.A great deal of the blue\|green algae often appears when weather is warm and moist,but a few appear when weather is dry and cold at a long time.Causations of abundance aerial blue\|green algae distributing on the surface of carbonate rock at the Yunnan Stone Forest are five points:First,In the Yunnan Stone Forest area,the mean annual air temperature is 16.3℃,annual precipitation is 800～850mm,the mean annual humidity is 75%,the mean sunlight of past years is 2318 hours,sunlight rate is 53%,and altitude is about 1700～1950m.It belongs to the sub\|tropic altiplano climate of warmth,humidity,raininess and sunny,so this kind of climate is of great benefit to algae living.Second,the Yunnan Stone Forest is typical stone forest karst landscape and is named as the stone forest karst museum of the world.There are a lot of pure carbonate rocks there.Limestone is more abundant with CaO content more than 50%.Many algae favor calcium and live in hard water or on the limestone.Third,the blue\|green algae,as a kind of pro

关 键 词：云南石林 碳酸盐岩表面 气生蓝藻 蓝细菌 石头颜色 自然景观 表面微形态 岩石溶蚀 

分 类 号：Q939[生物学—微生物学]