汉江中下游水生植物多样性及南水北调工程对其影响  

Diversity of Aquatic Plants in Hanjiang River Basin and Possible Effects of the Engineering of Transfering Water from South China to North China on it

作　　者：徐新伟[1] 吴中华[1] 于丹[1] 刘春花[1] 李中强[1] 肖克炎[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学梁子湖野外生态科研站,武汉430072

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第11期1933-1938,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4680 2 ) ;国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 (3 983 0 0 60 )

摘　　要：1997～ 2 0 0 0年对汉江中下游 8个江段水生植物种类组成、分布、生物量做了调查。汉江中下游共有水生植物 1 8科2 2属 3 4种 ,以世界广布种为主 ,R/ T值为 0 .67。中游以沉水植物群落为优势 ,建群种为轮叶黑藻 (Hydrilla verticillata)、穿叶眼子菜 (Potamogeton perfoliatus)和微齿眼子菜 (P. maackianus) ;下游主要为挺水植物群落 ,建群种为东方香蒲 (Ty-pha orientalis)和芦苇 (Phragmites communis) ,生物量为 5 7.5～ 2 1 0 0 g/ m2 ;α-多样性在丹江口最高 (0 .5 46) ,老河口次之(0 .5 1 7) ,仙桃最低 (0 ) ;生活型多样性在中游丹江口最大 (0 .40 2 ) ;β-多样性在时间梯度 6～ 8月份在所有样点 β=0 ,水平梯度β=0 .79,垂直梯度β=1 .48;γ-多样性在汉江中游为 2 9种 ,在下游为 1 0种。中游地区水生环境适合水生植物生长 。The species composition, distribution, biomass, diversity of aquatic plants in eight sections of Hanjiang River were surveyed during 1997~2000. There were 34 species belonging to 22 genera and 18 families in the middle\|reaches and the lower reaches of Hanjiang River which were dominated by the cosmopolitan species and the R/T value was 0 67. In the middle reaches ,they were mainly dominated by the submerged plant communities, and the constructive species were such as: Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton perfoliatus and P. maackianus. Comparatively, they were mainly dominated by the emergent plant communities in the lower reaches, and the constructive species were Typha orientalis and Phragmites communis. However, the maximal biomass of the plant communities was 2100g/m 2 and the minimal value was 57 5g/m 2. α \|diversity was the highest in Danjiangkou section(0 546), following by Laohekou section(0 517) and the lowest in Xiantao section(0). Life\|form diversity was maximal in Danjiangkou section of the middle reaches(0 402). β \|diversity was zero for all sample plots from June to August along time gradient. In addition, β \|diversity were 0 79 along horizontal gradient and 1 48 along vertical gradient. γ \|diversity was higher in middle reaches (29 species) than in lower reaches (10 species) of Hanjiang River. As a result, aquatic plants are rich in the middle reaches of Hanjiang River where water is comparatively healthy, but lower in the lower reaches because of water pollution.

关 键 词：汉江中下游 水生植物多样性 南水北调工程 环境影响 

分 类 号：Q178.5[生物学—水生生物学]