植物乙醇提取物对蔬菜蚜虫和蚜茧蜂的影响  

Effect of plant alcohol extracts on vegetable aphids and their parasitoids.

作　　者：周琼[1] 梁广文[2] 

机构地区：[1]湘潭师范学院生物系,湘潭411201 [2]华南农业大学昆虫生态研究室,广州510642

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2003年第2期249-252,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目 (39930 12 0 );湖南省教育厅资助项目 (0 1C2 69)

摘　　要：用药膜法测定 8种常见植物的乙醇提取物对桃蚜 (Myzuspersicae)、瓜蚜 (Aphisgossypii)和萝卜蚜 (Lipaphiserysimi)的忌避和控制作用 ,以及对蚜虫重要天敌———菜蚜茧蜂 (Aphidiusgifuensis)和菜少脉蚜茧蜂 (Diaeretiellarapae)存活的影响 .结果表明 ,供试的 8种植物乙醇提取物对 3种蚜虫都有一定的忌避作用 ,其中效果最好的是白花非洲山毛豆 (Tephrosiavogelli)和樟树 (Cinnamomumcamphora) ,对桃蚜、瓜蚜和萝卜蚜的忌避率分别达 0 .414、0 .72 9、0 .5 47和 0 .5 49、0 .690、0 .72 9;除黄素馨 (Jasminummes nyi)和草胡椒 (Peperomiapellucida)外 ,其余 6种植物乙醇提取物对桃蚜、瓜蚜、萝卜蚜都有较好的控制作用 ,其中山毛豆、樟树对蚜虫的控制效果最佳 ,鸡矢藤 (Paederiascandena)和芒箕 (Dicranopterisdichotoma)仅次于前 2种植物 ,白兰花 (Micheliaalba)对瓜蚜和萝卜蚜也有较好的控制作用 ;鱼藤精稀释 10 0 0倍对萝卜蚜效果很好 ,对桃蚜控制作用较差 .8种提取物中 ,山毛豆对蚜茧蜂有较强的毒性 ,4h死亡率达63 .3 3 % ,仅次于鱼藤酮精稀释 10 0 0倍 (4h的死亡率达 80 % ) ,而樟树、羊蹄甲 (Bauhiniavariegata)、黄素馨、白兰花和草胡椒的乙醇提取物与对照没有差异 ,对蚜茧蜂安全、无毒 .The repelling and controlling effect of alcohol extracts from 8 common plant species on 3 major vegetable aphids ( Myzus persicae,Aphis gossypii and Lipaphis erysimi ) were studied in the laboratory, and the effect on their parasitoid was also studied. The results showed that the test 8 plant species had some effects on 3 aphids. The plant alcohol extracts from Tephrosia vogelli and Cinnamomum camphora had the most effect. The deterrent rate on Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii and Lipaphis erysimi was 0.414, 0.729, 0.547 and 0.549, 0.690, 0.729, respectively. These 2 plants had the most controlling effect on 3 aphids, too. The alcohol extract of Cinnamomum camphora was safely for parasitoids ( Aphidius gifuensis and Diaeretiella rapae ).

关 键 词：植物乙醇提取物 蔬菜 蚜虫 天敌 蚜茧蜂 干扰作用 

分 类 号：S436.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]