抗菌药物在治疗和预防性应用的对比研究  

Therapeutic and Preventive Application of Antimicrobial Agents: A Comparative Study

作　　者：刘原[1] 和平[1] 杨增尚[1] 何跃灵[1] 符清川[1] 张丽丽[1] 朱丽光[1] 李小红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第二医院,陕西西安710004

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2003年第2期156-159,共4页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：罗氏感染研究青年医师基金资助

摘　　要：目的　为降低抗菌药物应用提供依据 ,对抗菌药物在治疗和预防性应用进行了对比研究。方法　采用随机抽样的方法 ,对一所综合性教学医院 1999年 8月～ 2 0 0 1年 2月 ,住院患者抗菌药物应用现状进行了回顾性调查 ,按其用药目的分治疗组和预防组。结果　共调查了 15 97份病历 ,抗菌药物总的应用率为 6 1.6 % ,预防性用药超过治疗性用药 ,两者之比为 1∶0 .8;治疗组应用抗菌药物平均每例次为 8.3d ,预防组为 6 .0d。两组使用率最高的药物均为头孢噻肟 ;预防组手术疾患占 81.1% ,其中Ⅰ类切口占 4 2 .6 %、预防用药以三代头孢为主 ,且术后用药时间超过 7d者最多 ,占 4 5 .2 %。结论　掌握预防用药的指征和方法是降低抗菌药物应用率的关键。OBJECTIVE To study the antibiotics usage in treatment and prevention in order to improve the management and provide data for the rational use of antimicrobial agents. METHODS Retrospective study for patients received antimicrobial agents was carried out during Aug 1999 Feb 2001 in a teaching hospital. According to the purposes of antibiotics usage, the cases were divided into two groups: therapeutic group and preventive group. RESULTS A total of 1 597 cases were surveyed and the utilization rate of antimicrobial agents was 61.5%. The therapeutic and preventive antibiotics usage were in the ratio of 0.8 to 1. The every patient′s mean time of using antimicrobial agents is 8.3 days in the therapeutic group and 6.0 days in the preventive one. The frequency of cefotaxime usage was the first in the two groups. The rate of surgical cases in the preventive group was 81.1%, from which the incision type Ⅰ was 42.6%. The majority of preventive antibiotics were the third generation of cephalosporins in the incision type Ⅰ. The time of postoperative antibiotic treatment in the majority of patients was 7 days and the number of cases reached to 45.2%. CONCLUSIONS The strengthening control and rational antibiotics usage in prevention is the key means to decrease the numbers of irrational application.

关 键 词：抗菌药物 治疗 预防性 应用 对比研究 现状调查 

分 类 号：R978.1[医药卫生—药品]