2510例意外损伤住院儿童的回顾性分析和干预探讨  

Analysis of accidental injuries in 2 510 children

作　　者：张瑾[1] 张灵恩[1] 戴宝萍[1] 马巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属儿科医院,上海200032

出　　处：《小儿急救医学》2003年第1期25-27,共3页Pediatric Emergency Medicine

摘　　要：目的　 了解儿童意外损伤发生的原因及危险因素 ,以进一步采取有效的防范措施。 方法 　对 1991年 1月— 2 0 0 1年 12月因意外损伤而住院治疗的儿童进行分析总结 ,包括意外损伤发生的原因、种类、性别、年龄及其他相关因素。 结果 　 11年中共收治 2 5 10例意外损伤患儿 ,占同期总住院病例的 2 84% ,死亡率占同期总住院病例死亡率的 1 5 2 %。意外损伤前 3位分别是意外跌伤 (4 8 5 3 % )、交通事故 (18 0 5 % )和烧烫伤 (5 3 4% )。所有病例男女之比为 1 93∶1。意外跌伤在 6岁以上组儿童中最为多见 ,占该组意外损伤的 5 5 % ,3岁以内是烧烫伤的高峰发生年龄段 ,异物吸入或吞入在 3岁以下儿童所占比例高于 3岁以上儿童组 (分别为 4 87%和 2 46% )。冬季意外损伤的发生率最低 (19% )。 结论 　意外事故已严重威胁着儿童的生命安全 。Objective To investigate the causes and risk factors of childhood accidental injuries and go further into preventive measures.Methods The data of 2?510 cases with accidental injuries admitted to hospital from Jan 1991 to Dec 2001 were reviewed to elicit the incidence of various injuries,causes,rates of injury.Results The 2?510 cases with accidental injuries were found to account for 2\^84% of all inpatients during the same period.The most common mechanisms of injury were falls (48\^53%),traffic accidents (18\^05%) and scalds or burns (5\^34%).Ratio of male to female is 1\^93∶1.Rate of accidental falling was higher for children over 6 years of age (55%).The peak age of burn and scald was younger than 3 years of age.The incidence of inspiration of foreign bodies was higher in children younger than 3 years old (4\^87%).The rate of accidental injury is the lowest in winter,compared with other seasons (19%).Conclusion Accidental injury,especially among children,has become one of the most serious major health problems.It is important to find out effective preventive methods to help to reduce accident rates further.

关 键 词：意外损伤 住院儿童 原因 危险因素 意外跌伤 交通事故 烧烫伤 

分 类 号：R726.5[医药卫生—儿科]