土壤-植物系统的铜污染及其生态健康效应  

Copper Pollution in Soil-plant Systems and Its Ecological and Health Effects

作　　者：倪吾钟[1] 马海燕[2] 余慎[1] 何积秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310029 [2]杭州师范学院,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《广东微量元素科学》2003年第1期1-5,共5页Trace Elements Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划"973"项目 (2 0 0 2CB4 10 80 4 );中国科学院土壤圈物质循环重点实验室基金(0 15 115 )

摘　　要：土壤 -植物系统的铜污染已十分严重。铜污染对土壤微生物数量与区系、土壤酶活性和植物生长等都有明显的抑制作用。土壤 -植物系统中过量的铜进入人体主要有两条途径 :一是由土壤 -植物系统经过径流和淋失进入水体 ,再通过饮用水直接进入人体 ;二是通过食物链进入人体。人体暴露于过量的铜会引起一系列病变 ,如肾功能障碍、心血管疾病、高血压、肺气肿及癌症等。就农业土壤而言 ,减少含铜农药及含铜有机废弃物的使用对控制土壤 -植物系统的铜污染最为重要。Copper pollution in soil-plant systems occurs extremely throughout the world.Excessive copper in soils obviously inhibits microbial biomass and enzyme activity in soils,as well as growth and development of plants.Excessive Cu in soil-plant systems can be transferred into human beings through drinking water contaminated by runoff and leaching copper from soil-plant systems,and food chains.Excessive exposure to heavy metals has been associated with various illnesses in humans,including renal tubular dysfunction,cardiovascular disease,hypertension,pulmonary emphysema,and cancer.For agricultural soils,reducing the application of copper fungicides and sewage sludge containing high copper is the main countermeasure for controlling copper contamination in soil-plant systems.

关 键 词：土壤 植物系统 铜污染 生态健康效应 微生物数量 土壤酶活性 植物生长 肾功能障碍 心血管疾病 高血压 肺气肿 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]