中国城乡居民收入极化的趋势及其分解:1988-2007年  

Income Polarization and Its Decomposition in Rural and Urban China:1988-2007

作　　者：汪晨[1] 万广华[2] 曹晖[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学城市与区域科学学院 [2]云南财经大学印度洋地区研究中心 [3]上海大学经济学院金融系

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2015年第5期45-68,共24页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:71133004;71063022);云南省"百人计划"的资助

摘　　要：在中国经济高速发展的过程中,收入分配出现了很大的问题。收入不均等的加剧长期以来引人关注,而关于收入极化的研究十分有限。严重的收入极化不仅使得收入阶层固化,更会对社会稳定带来不利的影响。本文基于中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据,估算了农村与城市收入两极分化和多极分化的趋势,并通过夏普利分解法对收入两极分化与多极分化按收入来源进行分解。研究发现:第一,收入极化程度自1988年开始下降,但从1995年开始再次上升至2007年,尽管略低于1988年,但仍保持在较高水平上。第二,工资性收入是两极分化与多极分化加剧的最主要原因,而集体和国有企业的转移性收入对农村地区的两极分化起到减缓作用,财产性收入对城镇地区的收入两极分化和多极分化均起到减缓作用。第三,在农村地区,工资性收入对1988-2002年的收入两极分化与多极分化起到加剧作用;在城镇地区,工资性收入与经营性收入一起加剧了1995-2007年的两极分化,但这一时期收入多极分化的减缓由经营性收入和政府补贴带来。With China's rapid development,there are serious problems in China's income distribution.Among these problems,the rising income inequality has already attracted lots of attention.However,only a few of studies focus on income polarization,which reflects low income mobility and fixed income layers and may also bring social conflicts.This paper examines the trends and components of income bi-polarization and polarization based on CHIP data.Some of the results can be highlighted.Firstly,income bi-polarization and polarization declined from 1988 onwards,but increased again from 1995 to 2007.Secondly,the largest component of income bi-polarization and polarization was wage while transfers reduced income bi-polarization in rural area,and property income reduced both income bi-polarization and polarization in urban area.Thirdly,in rural area,wage contributed to the rising trend of income bi-polarization and polarization during 1988-2002.In urban area,wage and income from TVEs had bi-polarization-increasing effect while income from TVEs and transfers had polarization-decreasing effect during 1995-2007.

关 键 词：两极分化 多极分化 极化的分解 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济]