当量电价体系及相关制度设计 (一)管制竞争阶段的两大电力市场与当量电价理论  

ELECTRICITY VALUE EQUIVALENT (EVE) PRICING SYSTEM AND RELEVANT SYSTEMS DESIGN Part One Two Electricity Markets and Electricity Value Equivalent (EVE) Pricing Theory

作　　者：言茂松[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学自动化系,上海市200072

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2003年第7期1-6,共6页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 (5 993715 0 )

摘　　要：虽然电力的规模经济性在逐渐消失但仍不可忽视 ,全球电力市场都应定位于“管制竞争”的“初级阶段”,此阶段存在投资与交易两大电力市场 ,忽视投资市场必将受到惩罚。投资市场只能通过交易市场的竞争实现回报 ,但为保证市场效率 ,交易市场的运作目标又只能是运行成本最小化 ,而不能包括任何投资成本。广为采用的优良排序统一出清电价的短期边际成本方法可以保证市场效率 ,但是 ,在规模经济性条件下 ,该方法使投资成本不能充分回报 ,这正是国际上多数电力市场开放后投资疲软的深层原因。按第 1市场原则 ,在规模经济条件下 ,既要保证市场效率又要使投资得以充分回报 ,当量电价理论由此得以发展。另一方面 ,在容量平等竞争的市场中 ,新、老电厂之间有无还贷任务的差异不可忽视 ,企图在新、老电厂之间人为设置价格或产量壁垒更不可取。按第 2市场原则 ,在初分配阶段注重效率 ,在再分配阶段注重公平 ,因此必须而且只能在交易阶段之后引入现代金融财税制度调控。建议了 4种办法 ,包括税收、基金、企业间融资和重组等。从上述 2个基本市场原则出发 ,文中提出了发展新电价理论的 5个原则 ,在这The electricity market worldwide should be located on 'Regulated Competitive Stage 'which is the primary stage of electricity market. At this stage the return of investment market is only realized from trading market. On the other hand for market efficiency the operation object of trading market is just the minimum operation cost not including the investment (or capacity) cost. Based on short run marginal cost method the uniform clearing price for pool purchase includes the shadow capacity cost, but it is not sufficient when the economic of scale exists and cannot be neglected. That is why the power investments weaken generally after electricity industry system deregulation in the world, or it is one of the reasons at list. So the Electricity Value Equivalent (EVE) pricing methods, a new pricing system has been developed. Beyond the trading market the financial measures are necessary at the regulated competitive stage and four suggestions of financial measurements are provided. At the regulated competitive stage the first and second market principles and how to evaluate a pricing method for pool purchase in five aspects are represented. The EVE pricing methods will satisfied them and have fine market functions. This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59937150).[KH2D]

关 键 词：当量电价体系 管制竞争 电力市场 当量电价理论 定价方法 市场效率 投资回顾 电力工业 电力管理体制改革 

分 类 号：F416.61[经济管理—产业经济]