黄土高原沟壑区小流域综合治理的生态水文效应  

Effect of Moisture Environment of Integrative Controls in WangdonggouWatershed in Gully Region of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：何福红[1,2] 黄明斌[1,2] 党廷辉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 [2]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2003年第2期33-37,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 5 0 0 790 2 3 );国家自然科学基金重大项目 ( 4 9890 3 3 0 );国家科技攻关项目 ( 2 0 0 1BA5 0 8B18);黄土高原土壤蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金资助项目

摘　　要：选择黄土高原沟壑区的长武王东沟小流域为研究对象 ,从流域土地利用变化的减流减沙效应、土壤水分状况、流域的蒸散发和生物利用型土壤干层等几个方面定量地评价了黄土高原沟壑区小流域综合治理对流域水分环境的影响。结果表明 :2 0 0 1年比 1985年耕地面积减少了 2 4 .8% ,草地面积减少了 76 .5 % ,林地面积增加了 75 .7% ,果园面积增加了 10倍 ,森林覆盖率提高了 2 7.8% ,小流域年径流深和侵蚀模数分别减少了 2 1.9%和 2 6 .6 %。同一土地利用类型的 0～ 2 m土壤剖面储水量变化不大 ,2～ 3m土壤剖面储水量大幅度减少 ,土地利用类型改变后 ,土壤剖面平均含水量和土壤储水量均呈现出下降的趋势 ,但苹果地和刺槐林的下降趋势远大于农地和荒草地。与此同时 ,流域总蒸散量比治理前有所增加 。Taken Wangdonggou watershed in gully region of the Loess Plateau of China as a study case, from the effects of land use change on sediment and runoff reduction, the soil water condition,and hydro ecological effect of the soil dry layer, the effect of small watershed integrative controls on the moisture environment was evaluated. The result shows that ①the area of farmland and grassland decreased by 24% and 76.5% respectively and forest increased by 75.7%,and the area of orchard has been increased 10 times, forest coverage ratio increased 27.8% from 1985 to 2001.At the same time, the total annual runoff deceased from 11.02 mm before starting integrative controls to 5.08 mm at present time results in a decrease of runoff by 53.9%, and the soil erosion modulus decreased from 1 689 t/km 2 before starting integrative controls to 504 t/km 2 at present time results in a decrease of sediment by 70.2%; ② from 1985 to 2001, the soil water storage of profile of the same land use types have a small quantity reduction, but the reduction current are less than that of the whole watershed; ③the soil water average content and storage of all land use types have reduction current after the land use change ,but the reduction current of forest and orchard was far great than that of farmland and grassland decreased;④the dried soil layer is a general soil water phenomenon in the whole watershed.

关 键 词：黄土高原沟壑区 小流域综合治理 水分环境效应 土壤干层 总蒸散量 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学] S152.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]