球孢白僵菌孢子萌发促进剂的筛选及其对杀蚜效果的增强作用  

Screening of conidia germination stimulus as an additive to Beauveria bassiana formulation to enhance its efficacy for aphid control

作　　者：徐均焕[1] 冯明光[1] 童贤明[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学微生物研究所,杭州310029

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2003年第1期45-50,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(39870513);杭州市科委重点项目(2000122b18-1);云南省政府合作专项(2000YZ03)资助

摘　　要：以生物学相容性较好的聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚为乳化剂,从五大类生化营养基质中筛选出海藻糖、葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酪氨酸和菜籽油作为孢子萌发促进剂的基本成份,采用5因子正交旋转组合设计并实施了36个组配试验以优化配方.将所获孢子萌发促进剂加入球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)孢子乳悬液中喷雾接种桃蚜(Myzus persicae)无翅成蚜,在20℃和12L∶12D的条件下饲养并逐日观察发病死亡数.所获数据经时间-剂量-死亡率模型模拟分析,桃蚜接种后第4～6 天为死亡高峰,在106～108个孢子/ml的浓度下喷雾处理6 天后的累计死亡率为62.9%～88.7%,LT50估计值为3.8～4.8 天,接种后第4、5和6 天的LD50估计值分别为3.75×107、3.73×105和2.08×105个孢子/ml.在连续6 天的观察中,接种成蚜日均产若蚜数比对照分别下降了40.7%～85.0%,下降幅度随孢子乳悬液浓度提高而增大.这些结果表明,以上孢子萌发促进剂具有作为球孢白僵菌孢子制剂添加剂的应用潜力.Biochemical and nutritive substrates to stimulate germination of fungal conidia may take important part in enhancement of the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana conidia formulation for aphid control due to its latent period from attachment to host death. In the present study, trehalose, glucose, peptone, tyrosine and rape oil were selected from various saccharides, amino acids, lipids, vitamins and minerals as primary components to facilitate the germination of B. bassiana conidia. The effects of the five components were tested in OP-emulsified suspension based on orthogonal rotation combination design of five factors, which produced 36 combinations of the five components selected. The resulting best combination was then used as an additive of the OP-emulsified conidia suspension to be sprayed on apterous adults of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, for efficacy test. Based on the daily records of aphid mortality at each of five concentrations (106-108 conidia/ ml), the cumulative mortality of the aphids within 6 days after spray ranged from 62.9% to 88.7% but most of the death occurred on days 4-6. The time-dose-mortality modeling analysis gave an estimate of LT50 from 4.8 to 3.8 d , and LD50s of 3.75×107, 3.73×105 and 2.08×105 conidia/mlon 4th, 5th and 6th day, respectively. Moreover, during the 6-day observation, the average number of nymphs produced by the adults sprayed on average decreased by 40.7% - 85 .0% compared to those unsprayed. The results indicated that the conidia germination stimulus selected could be highly potential for enhancing the efficacy of B. bassiana conidia formulation for control of aphids and other sucking insects.

关 键 词：球孢白僵菌 孢子萌发促进剂 生化营养基质 害虫防治 生物防治 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]