中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)四倍体诱导研究  

INDUCTION OF THE TETRAPLOIDS OF THE CHINESE SHRIMP, PENAEUS CHINENSIS

作　　者：相建海[1] 周令华[1] 刘瑞玉[1] 朱谨钊 李富花[1] 李笑虹 王洪发[1] 刘旭东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所

出　　处：《海洋科学》1992年第4期55-61,共7页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;实验海洋生物学开放实验室的赞助

摘　　要：利用光控和行为学原理,控制中国对虾在适当时候产卵,在一定的时刻以温度休克和细胞松弛素的方法诱导受精卵发育成为四倍体。作者发展了对虾染色体制备技术,以中肠和触角腺、精巢为材料,从后期幼体直到8～9cm左右次成虾均获得较好的分裂中相。染色体倍性检测结果表明,最好的四倍体诱导成功率达66.7％。共获得10cm左右的实验对虾几千尾。初步观察表明,四倍体中国对虾具有一定的生长优势。Tetraploids of Penaeus chinensis were induced by temperature shocking and chemical treatment with cytochlasin B(CB). To get batches of fertilized eggs at suitable time, a combination method of manipulation of light cycle and selection of the animal with pre-spawnig behavior was used. In contrast to the natural spawning time, which is mainly at night, the induced spawning occured in the day time. Among the 37 gravid individuals controled under artificial light, 24 shrimps laid eggs between 10:00-16:00. The chemical or temperature treatment were used just before the first cleavage of the fertilized eggs. Altogether 25 batches of eggs were induced in this way. Among them more than two thousand individuals from 5 groups survived to the sub-adult stage with size between 7-10 cm.To detect ploidy level of the different chromosomal set manipulations, a new technique for obtaining metaphase chromosome spreads has been developed. The midgut tissues were proved to be suitable for this purpose. The results of chromosomal analysis showed that the most effective treatment with temperature produced 60% tetraploid, whereas the most effective CB treatment produced 66.7% tetraploid. Some chromosomal mosaic individuals were observed as well. The preliminary comparison study ,of the grpwth rate showed that the tetraploid had statistically significant dominancy of growth rate by about 22% (p=0.01) than the diploid.

关 键 词：中国对虾 四位体 诱导 产卵 

分 类 号：S968.226[农业科学—水产养殖]