水稻生态育种科学体系的构建和新进展——两源并举“超优势稻”的选育  

Creation and New Development of The Rice Ecological Breeding System, and Emphases on Two Sources, Supper Ascendancy Rice Breeding

作　　者：黄耀祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农科院

出　　处：《世界科技研究与发展》2003年第2期1-8,共8页World Sci-Tech R&D

摘　　要：一、水稻生态育种科学体系的构建 :1、5 0年代开创矮化育种工程 :利用矮生性主基因Sd 1,育成世界上第一个人工杂交的矮杆良种“广场矮” ,并接着育成“珍珠矮”、“广六矮”及“二九矮”等矮杆良种 ,促成我国籼稻良种矮杆化 ,为我国第一次“绿色革命”作出重大贡献。 2、70年代开创高光效丛化育种工程 :因发现及利用与Sd 1不等位的新的矮生性主基因Sd g ,育成“桂朝”、“双桂”等著名良种。并创造了水稻育种“组群筛选法” ,加快了育种进程 ,提高了育种成效。 3、80年代开创半矮杆、早长、超高产育种工程 ,育成“特青”(单季稻亩产 10 17.5公斤 )、“胜优”(单季稻亩产 10 2 4公斤、双季稻亩产 85 7公斤 )等超高产良种 ,促使我国粮食产量跃上新台阶。 4、90年代开创“半矮杆、根深早长、超高产、(特 )优质”育种工程 ,育成“胜泰”、“金科占”系列 (包含那个被一些人称为“广超六号”的良种 )等超高产、特优质良种 ,适应我国农业发展的新需要。如陕西省近年引种的“胜泰 1号” ,其产量与对照种杂交稻“籼优 63”持平 ,但种价却高出 4 0 %以上 ,深受群众欢迎。二、生态育种科学体系的新进展 :1、90年代中期起探索新的育种方案 ,2 0 0 1年开创两源并举“超优势稻”育种工程 :两源并举 。A. Creation of The Rice Ecological Breeding System 1. 50's, originated 'Dwarf Breeding', creation of the world first dwarf artificially bred dwarf rice variety GuangChangAi (1959), utilizing gene Sd-1. Together with the following created varieties ZhengZhuAi, GuangLiuAi, and ErJiuAi leaded the China Hsien Rice dwarfization and made great contribution to China's first Green Revaluation. 2. 70's, started 'Dense Growing Breeding', discovered and utilizing new dwarf gene Sd-g. Bred Guichao, ShuangGui, and other famous varieties.Invention of the rice breeding 'Cross Combination and Population Selection Method' result in shortening rice breeding process and improving the efficiency and success rate of rice breeding. 3. 80's, initiated 'Semi-dwarf and Early Grow, Super High Yield Breeding', the famous rice varieties TeQing and ShengYou were successfully developed, helping to push China's crop yield to a new level. TeQing2 15.26 t ha -1(YunNang Province) ShengYou2 15.36 t ha -1(GuiZhuo Province) 4. 90's, launched 'Semi-dwarf, Early Grow, Deep Root, Super High Yield, (Very) High Quality Breeding', bred ShengTai, JinKeZhan series (including a variety some called GuangChao6), and other varieties to meet the new needs of agriculture development. B. New development of The Rice Ecological Breeding System 1. Explored at mid 90's and started in 2001, started the 'Supper Ascendancy Rice' ecological breeding: emphases on two sources of rice, under ground and above ground; combining various homozygous ascendancy. 2. The dedicated technology for the 'Supper Ascendancy Rice' ecological breeding -'Emphasizing Two Sources, Cross Combination and Population Selection Method'. C. Colleagues around the world recognized and gave high marks to the achievements of Ecological Breeding. D. Lookin forward: there is already indication in the 'Supper Ascendancy Rice' Breeding suggesting the expectation of having breakthrough in 3 years and having rich fruits in five years.

关 键 词：水稻 生态育种 矮化育种 “珍珠矮” “广六矮” 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]