20世纪后期青藏高原积雪和冻土变化及其与气候变化的关系  

Variation of the Snow and Frozen Soil over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in the Late Twentieth Century and Their Relations to Climatic Change

作　　者：高荣[1] 韦志刚[1] 董文杰[2] 王澄海[3] 钟海玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [3]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《高原气象》2003年第2期191-196,共6页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1 10 07);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(ZKCX2 SW 210);国家自然科学基金项目(40231005;40175020)资助

摘　　要：利用1981—1999年青海和西藏72个气象台站的常规观测资料,分析了青藏高原冬春积雪日数和冻结日数的变化及其与气候变化的关系。结果表明:高原冬春积雪日数在20世纪80年代是增加的,在20世纪90年代则是减少的;而此20年间高原季节性冻土冻结日数呈递减趋势。多年平均的高原冬春积雪日数由南向北是减小的,多年平均的冻结日数由高原中部向四周是递减的。高原冬春积雪日数、冻结日数均以2～6年周期变化,气温以准3年周期变化,西藏降水以准8年、准3年周期变化,而青海降水以3～5年周期变化,高原冬春积雪日数、冻结日数和冬春气温振荡变化从20世纪80年代到90年代都呈现加快趋势。冬春积雪日数的变化与冬春气温的变化呈负相关,与冬春降水的变化呈正相关;冻结日数的变化与冬春气温和冬春降水的变化均呈负相关。By using the observation data of 72 weather stations from 1981 to 1999 in Qinghai and Xizang, the variation of winter\|spring(from last October to this May) snow and frozen soil day and their relations to climatic change over Qinghai\|Xizang Plateau are analyzed. The results show that the the day number of winter\|spring snow is increasing in 1980′s, but it is decreasing in 1990′s. The day number of frozen soil is decreasing (from 1981 to 1999). The distribution of the mean number of winter\|spring snow day and frozen soil day are different. The mean number of winter\|spring snow day from 1981 to 1999 is decreasing from south to north; The mean number of frozen soil days from 1981 to 1999 is decreasing from center to around. The winter\|spring snow and frozen soil days show the significant variations in 2～6\|yr period, the temperature has the oscillation periods of quasi 3\|yr, the precipitation of Xizang has the oscillations periods of quasi 8\|yr and quasi 3\|yr, the precipitation of Qinghai has the oscillation periods of 3～5\|yr, the oscillation periods of the winter\|spring snow day, frozen soil day and winter\|spring temperature of Plateau have the quickening trend. The winter\|spring snow day is negative correlation to the temperature and positive correlation to the precipitation. The correlations between the frozen soil day and the winter\|spring temperature and the correlations between the frozen soil day and the precipitation are both negetive.

关 键 词：青藏高原 积雪 冻土 气候变化 降水 冻结日数 

分 类 号：P461.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]