中动结构的句法特征  

Syntactic Features of English Middle Constructions

作　　者：戴曼纯[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学,北京100089

出　　处：《外语学刊》2001年第4期31-36,共6页Foreign Language Research

摘　　要：英语中动词与作格动词形成对照 ,前者描述类属情况 ,后者描写事体。它们是否都以不及物动词的形式在词库中生成 ,语言学界对此看法不一。在现有关于中动词的研究中 ,Stroik的观点最具解释力。他认为 ,中动结构靠句法推导而成 ,中动词具有完整的论元结构 ,论元降格原则使外论旨角色降至VP附加语位置 ;内论元通过升格移入结构主语位置。本文以Stroik的研究为基础 ,利用约束原则、PRO和格等已有概念来解释中动词的句法特征 。English middles and ergatives are in contrast in that the former is used in generic statements and the latter describes events. However, there have been disputes over whether middles are lexically generated in the lexicon. Stroik's analysis, among others, offers the best explanation. He claims that middle constructions are derived syntactically and the middle verb projects an argument grid with both external θ-role and internalθ-role; that the external argument, according to the Principle of Argument Demotion, is demoted to the VP adjunct; and that the internal argument is promoted to the structural subject position. This paper, based on Stroik's analysis, uses such theories as binding, PRO, and case to explain the syntactic features of English middles, and attempts to prove that the two-argument position offers a most economical explanation within the generativist framework.

关 键 词：中动词 论元 论旨角色 格 PRO 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]