京郊日光温室土壤养分特征的研究  

Characteristics of soil nutrients in solar greenhouse in Beijing suburb

作　　者：王柳[1] 张福墁[1] 高丽红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2003年第1期62-66,共5页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：北京市自然基金重点资助项目 (6 0 110 0 2 )

摘　　要：本试验旨在摸清目前京郊日光温室土壤养分特征 ,为合理施肥提供依据以保持温室土壤环境优化和蔬菜高产优质。对京郊日光温室土壤取样研究表明 :土壤中有机质和速效磷、钾含量分别为 18.4 6g·kg-1、5 9.38和178.1mg·kg-1,处于中等偏低水平 ;而微量元素含量除硼外均处于高水平。随着种植年限的增加 ,日光温室土壤养分表现出增加的趋势。土壤有机质、全氮与日光温室种植年限呈极显著正相关 ,相关系数分别为 0 .6 75和 0 .6 90 ;速效磷、有效锌含量与日光温室种植年限呈显著正相关 ,相关系数分别为 0 .5 2 3和 0 .5 2 8。经过一茬长季节果菜的种植 ,0～ 2 0cm土层中有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和钾、有效铁、锰、铜含量均有极显著提高 ,增加幅度分别为4 5 .6 %、2 2 .5 %、5 6 .9%、75 .4 %、10 5 .1%、10 2 .5 %、14 9.1%和 31.4 %。它们在 2 0～ 4 0cm土层的增加幅度分别为12 5 .9%、4 7.9%、76 .6 %、90 .5 %、139.3%、174 .3%、178.8%和 6 1.4 % ,比 0～ 2 0cm土层的增加幅度大。但 0～ 2 0cm土层有效硼却比种植前显著减少了 36 .2 %。The experiment aimed to find out the characteristics of soil nutrients in solar greenhouse in Beijing suburb in order to maintain the soil environment and improve the quality and high yield vegetables. The results indicated that soil organic matter(SOM), available phosphorus and potassium were 18.46g·kg -1 , 59.38mg·kg -1 and 178.1mg·kg -1 , respectively, which were at a middle or low level of soil fertility. All micronutrients measured,except boron, were at the high level. The soil nutrients content in solar greenhouse increased with the number of cultivation years. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and zinc were closely related to the number of greenhouse cultivation years, with related coefficients of 0.675, 0.690,0.523 and 0.528,respectively. After fruit vegetables were cultivated for a long season, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, and copper in 0～20 cm layer of the soil increased by 45.6%, 22.5%, 56.9%, 75.4%, 105.1%, 102.5%, 149.1% and 31.4%, respectively. These increases in 20～40 cm layer of the soil were 125.9%, 47.9%, 76.6%, 90.5%, 139.3%, 174.3%, 178.8% and 61.4%, higher than in 0～20cm soil layer. However, soil available boron in 0～20cm soil layer significantly decreased by 36.2%.

关 键 词：日光温室 土壤养分特征 合理施肥 蔬莱 

分 类 号：S626.5[农业科学—园艺学] S625.5